Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - Basic 5

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Define matter and its different states.
• Describe the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases.
• Classify materials from our environment.
• Explain how temperature affects the state of matter.

Lesson summary

Welcome, learners! Today, we are going to explore the wonderful world of materials all around us. Look at your desk, the water in your bottle, the window, and the door. These are all made of different materials. Understanding these materials helps us know why a window is made of glass and a door is made of wood. In Ghana, we use different materials for everything from building our homes to cooking our food, like using a clay pot (*asanka*) or a metal saucepan (*dadesen*). By the end of this lesson, you will be able to look at any object and describe it like a real scientist!

Lesson notes

This lesson focuses on two main ways to classify matter: by its state (solid or liquid) and by how it interacts with light. Part 1: States of Matter - Solids and Liquids

Matter is anything that has weight (mass) and takes up space (volume). Everything around us is matter. We will focus on two main states of matter today.

A. Solids A solid is a state of matter that has a fixed shape and a fixed volume. This means it does not easily change its shape. If you move a stone from a cup to a plate, the stone remains the same shape. Characteristics: Keeps its own shape. Cannot be poured easily. Has a definite size and volume. Ghanaian Examples: A piece of yam A textbook or exercise book A wooden pestle for pounding *fufu* A stone A piece of charcoal

B. Liquids A liquid is a state of matter that has a fixed volume but no fixed shape. A liquid will always take the shape of the container you put it in. If you pour water from a bottle into a cup, the water takes the shape of the cup. Characteristics: Takes the shape of its container. Can be poured easily. Has a definite volume. Ghanaian Examples: Water in a sachet ('pure water') Palm oil or groundnut oil *Sobolo* drink Kerosene for a lantern Liquid soap