Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade R

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Count objects up to 10.
• Recognize and name circles, squares, triangles, and rectangles.
• Continue simple patterns.
• Solve simple addition and subtraction word problems.
• Compare the size of objects.

Lesson summary

This week, we are going to revisit and practice all the exciting mathematics concepts we've learned so far in Grade R! This is like a super-powered review, helping us remember everything and get even better at counting, shapes, patterns, and solving little problems. Thinking about numbers and shapes isn't just for the classroom. When you're playing with your friends, sharing sweets, or helping your family shop at the spaza shop, you use these skills every day! If you can count your toys properly you’ll know if any are missing. If you can recognize shapes you will know if the puzzle pieces will fit together.

Lesson notes

a)

Counting to 10: Counting means knowing the order of numbers and being able to say them correctly. It also means understanding that each number represents a quantity of something.

One-to-one correspondence: This means matching one number name to one object. When you count, you should only touch or point to each object once.

Cardinality: This means understanding that the last number you say when counting tells you how many objects there are in total. For example, if you count 5 apples – "One, two, three, four, five" – the number five tells you there are five apples in the whole group.

Stable order principle: Numbers are always in a specific order (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). You must always count in the same order.

Example 1: Imagine you have a pile of colourful beads. Let’s count them.

Point to each bead as you say the numbers: "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight." So, you have 8 beads.

Example 2: You are sharing sweets with two friends. You have 3 sweets in total. To make sure everyone gets one, count them out one by one. "One for Sipho, one for Thandi, and one for me!" Now you know that you can share all the sweets evenly. b)

Recognizing 2D Shapes: 2D shapes are flat shapes that you can draw on paper.

Let's review the main ones: Circle: A round shape with no corners and no straight lines. Think of a soccer ball or a coin.

Square: A shape with four straight sides that are all the same length. It also has four corners. Think of a tile on the floor.

Triangle: A shape with three straight sides and three corners. Think of the slice of pizza.

Rectangle: A shape with four straight sides and four corners. Two of the sides are longer than the other two. Think of a door.

Example 1: Look around the classroom. Can you spot any circles? Perhaps the clock is a circle. What about squares? Maybe the window is a square (or rectangle).

Example 2: Think about the South African flag. What shapes can you see in it? You might see triangles, and rectangles making up the different sections of the flag. c)

Identifying and Continuing Patterns: A pattern is something that repeats. It can be a sequence of colours, shapes, or objects that follow a rule.

Example 1: Colour Pattern: Red, Blue, Red, Blue, Red... What comes next? Blue!

Example 2: Shape Pattern: Circle, Square, Circle, Square, Circle... What comes next? Square!

Example 3: Object Pattern: Rock, Leaf, Rock, Leaf, Rock... What comes next? Leaf! Patterns make it easier for you to predict what is coming next. d) Solving Simple Word Problems (Addition and Subtraction): Word problems are stories that involve numbers. Addition means putting things together (adding more). Subtraction means taking things away (taking less).

Example 1 (Addition): You have 2 apples, and your friend gives you 3 more apples. How many apples do you have in total? Start with 2 apples (draw 2 circles). Add 3 more apples (draw 3 more circles).

Count all the circles together: 1, 2, 3, 4,

5. You have 5 apples in total!

Example 2 (Subtraction): You have 5 crayons, and you give 2 crayons to your friend. How many crayons do you have left? Start with 5 crayons (draw 5 lines). Cross out 2 crayons (because you gave them away).

Count the crayons that are left: 1, 2,

3. You have 3 crayons left! e)

Comparing Size: Comparing size means looking at objects and deciding which is bigger, smaller, longer, or shorter.

Example 1: You have an elephant toy and a mouse toy. The elephant toy is bigger than the mouse toy. The mouse toy is smaller than the elephant toy.

Example 2: You have a long pencil and a short pencil. The long pencil is longer than the short pencil. The short pencil is shorter than the long pencil. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Count the number of oranges in the picture: 🍊🍊🍊🍊🍊🍊🍊. How many oranges are there?

Solution: Point to each orange as you count: "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven." There are 7 oranges.

Commentary: Reinforces one-to-one correspondence and cardinality.

Question 2: Draw a circle, a square, and a triangle.

Solution: Draw a round shape (circle), a shape with four equal sides (square), and a shape with three sides (triangle). Teacher should check learners' drawings to ensure they are correctly representing each shape.

Commentary: Tests shape recognition and ability to represent shapes.

Question 3: Continue the pattern: Red, Yellow, Red, Yellow, ____. What colour comes next?

Solution: The pattern is Red, Yellow, repeating. So, the next colour is Red.

Commentary: Reinforces pattern recognition and prediction skills.

Question 4: You have 4 biscuits, and you eat 1 biscuit. How many biscuits do you have left?

Solution: Start with 4 (draw 4 circles). Cross out 1 (because you ate it).

Count the remaining circles: 1, 2,

3. You have 3 biscuits left.

Commentary: Simple subtraction word problem, visualized with drawings.

Question 5: Which is longer: your pencil or your eraser?