Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 5

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Read and understand pictographs and bar graphs.
• Figure out the probability of simple events and write it as a fraction.
• Collect and organise data using tally marks and bar graphs.
• Compare different sets of data shown in bar graphs.

Lesson summary

Data handling and probability are essential skills that help us understand the world around us. We are constantly bombarded with information, from sports scores to weather forecasts to prices in the shops. Learning how to collect, organise, and interpret data allows us to make informed decisions. In South Africa, understanding data is crucial for participating in discussions about issues like unemployment rates, access to healthcare, and the effectiveness of social programs. Probability helps us understand the chances of something happening, which is useful in situations like predicting weather patterns for farming or understanding the risks involved in starting a small business.

Lesson notes

2.1 Interpreting Pictographs and Bar Graphs What is a Pictograph? A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to represent data. Each picture or symbol represents a certain number of items. A key is always provided to show what each symbol represents. What is a Bar Graph? A bar graph uses bars of different lengths to represent data. The length of the bar corresponds to the quantity being represented.

The graph has two axes: a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. Each axis should be labelled clearly.

Scale: The scale on a graph is the unit of measurement used on the axes. It is important to choose a suitable scale so that the graph is easy to read and understand. For example, if you are graphing the number of learners in each class at a school, a scale of 1 (representing one learner) or 5 (representing five learners) might be appropriate.

Analyzing Data: Analyzing data means looking at the graph and drawing conclusions based on the information presented. This involves comparing the bars or symbols, finding the largest and smallest values, and identifying any trends.

Example 1: Pictograph A local tuck shop sells fruit during break time. The following pictograph shows the number of each type of fruit sold on Monday: | Fruit | Number Sold | | ----------- | ----------- | | Apples | 🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎 | | Bananas | 🍌🍌🍌 | | Oranges | 🍊🍊🍊🍊 | Key: 🍎 = 2 apples, 🍌 = 2 bananas, 🍊 = 2 oranges Question 1: How many apples were sold on Monday?

Solution: There are 5 apple symbols, and each symbol represents 2 apples. So, 5 x 2 = 10 apples were sold.

Question 2: How many more oranges than bananas were sold?

Solution: 4 oranges symbols x 2 = 8 oranges. 3 banana symbols x 2 = 6 bananas. 8 - 6 =

2. Two more oranges than bananas were sold.

Example 2: Bar Graph The following bar graph shows the favourite colours of learners in Grade 5: [Imagine a Bar Graph here with the following data:] Horizontal Axis: Colours (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow)

Vertical Axis: Number of Learners (Scale: 1 learner per unit)

Red: 8 learners Blue: 12 learners Green: 6 learners Yellow: 4 learners Question 1: Which colour is the most popular?

Solution: Blue is the most popular because it has the longest bar, representing 12 learners.

Question 2: How many learners like Green or Yellow?

Solution: Green: 6 learners.

Yellow: 4 learners. 6 + 4 = 10 learners. 2.2 Probability What is Probability? Probability is the chance of something happening. It's a measure of how likely an event is to occur.

Expressing Probability as a Fraction: Probability can be expressed as a fraction. The numerator (top number) represents the number of favourable outcomes (the outcomes we are interested in). The denominator (bottom number) represents the total number of possible outcomes. Probability = (Number of Favourable Outcomes) / (Total Number of Possible Outcomes)

Example 3: Probability A bag contains 3 red balls, 2 blue balls, and 1 yellow ball.

Question 1: What is the probability of picking a red ball?

Solution: Number of red balls (favourable outcomes): 3 Total number of balls (total possible outcomes): 3 + 2 + 1 = 6 Probability of picking a red ball: 3/6 (which can be simplified to 1/2)

Question 2: What is the probability of picking a blue ball?

Solution: Number of blue balls: 2 Total number of balls: 6 Probability of picking a blue ball: 2/6 (which can be simplified to 1/3) Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: A survey was conducted to find out the favourite sports of Grade 5 learners. The results are shown in the following bar graph: [Imagine a Bar Graph here with the following data:] Horizontal Axis: Sports (Soccer, Netball, Rugby, Cricket)

Vertical Axis: Number of Learners (Scale: 2 learners per unit)

Soccer: 10 learners Netball: 8 learners Rugby: 6 learners Cricket: 4 learners How many learners participated in the survey?

Solution: Soccer: 10 learners Netball: 8 learners Rugby: 6 learners Cricket: 4 learners Total: 10 + 8 + 6 + 4 = 28 learners Answer: 28 learners participated in the survey.

Question 2: A spinner has 4 equal sections coloured red, green, blue, and yellow. What is the probability of the spinner landing on green?

Solution: Number of green sections (favourable outcomes): 1 Total number of sections (total possible outcomes): 4 Probability of landing on green: 1/4 Answer: The probability is 1/

4. Question 3: The following pictograph shows the number of books read by 4 learners in a month: | Learner | Number of Books Read | |---|---| | Thando | 📚📚📚📚 | | Aisha | 📚📚 | | Sipho | 📚📚📚 | | Zanele | 📚📚📚📚📚 | Key: 📚 = 3 books How many books did Zanele read?

Solution: Zanele's symbols: 📚📚📚📚📚 = 5 books symbols One book symbol represents 3 books.

Therefore Zanele read 5 x 3 books Zanele read 15 books Answer: Zanele read 15 books. Independent Practice (Questions Only) A shop sells different flavors of ice cream.