Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 5

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Define substance abuse and identify common substances.
• Explain the negative consequences of substance abuse.
• Identify strategies for resisting peer pressure.
• Describe how to seek help for yourself or others.

Lesson summary

Substance abuse is a serious problem affecting communities across South Africa. Understanding the dangers of substances like alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, and learning how to make responsible decisions is crucial for your health, safety, and future. This lesson aims to equip you with the knowledge and skills to resist peer pressure, recognize the risks associated with substance abuse, and make informed choices about your well-being. Substance abuse can lead to addiction, health problems, and negatively impact relationships. It is vital to understand these risks now, to prevent future problems.

Lesson notes

What is Substance Abuse? Substance abuse is when someone uses legal or illegal substances in a way that is harmful to themselves or others. This includes using too much, using it when it's unsafe (like driving under the influence), or continuing to use it even when it causes problems in their life.

Common Substances Abused in South Africa: Alcohol: Beer, wine, and spirits are widely available and often misused. Underage drinking is a significant problem.

Tobacco: Cigarettes, e-cigarettes (vapes), and smokeless tobacco are addictive and harmful to health.

Dagga (Marijuana/Cannabis): While discussions around legalisation are ongoing, dagga use, especially at a young age, can affect brain development and mental health. "Tik" (Methamphetamine): A highly addictive and dangerous stimulant drug, prevalent in certain communities. Nyaope (a mixture of heroin and other substances): An extremely dangerous and addictive drug found in South Africa.

Negative Consequences of Substance Abuse: Health Problems: Substance abuse can lead to a wide range of health problems, including liver damage (alcohol), lung cancer (tobacco), heart problems, brain damage, and mental health issues like anxiety and depression.

Example:* Thando starts drinking heavily at

1

5. Over time, his liver becomes damaged, leading to jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and serious health complications.

Addiction: Substances can be highly addictive, making it difficult to stop using them even when you want to. Addiction can take over a person's life, affecting their relationships, schoolwork, and finances.

Example:* Zanele starts smoking cigarettes to fit in with her friends. Soon, she's addicted and finds it impossible to quit, even though she knows it's bad for her health. She experiences withdrawal symptoms like irritability and cravings.

Relationship Problems: Substance abuse can damage relationships with family and friends. People struggling with substance abuse may become secretive, unreliable, and even abusive.

Example:* Sipho's dagga use leads to arguments with his family. He starts isolating himself and stops participating in family activities. His grades also start to decline.

Legal Problems: Using illegal substances or driving under the influence can lead to arrests and legal consequences.

Example:* Ayanda is arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol after attending a party. She faces a fine and a criminal record.

Financial Problems: Buying substances can be expensive, leading to financial difficulties and even poverty.

Example:* Musa spends most of his money on "tik," leaving him unable to afford food or rent. He becomes homeless.

Impact on School/Work: Substance abuse affects concentration, memory, and motivation, leading to poor performance in school or work.

Resisting Peer Pressure: Peer pressure is when people your age try to influence you to do something you may not want to do. Here are some strategies to resist peer pressure: Say "No" Assertively: Be confident and direct when saying "no." Don't apologize or make excuses.

Example:* "No, I don't want to smoke. I don't like it." Suggest an Alternative Activity: Offer a different activity that doesn't involve substance use.

Example:* "Let's go play soccer instead." Walk Away: If you feel uncomfortable or pressured, simply leave the situation.

Example:* If your friends are smoking and you don't want to, excuse yourself and go home.

Find Support: Surround yourself with friends who don't use substances and who support your healthy choices.

Example:* Spend time with friends who are involved in sports or other activities that you enjoy and that don't involve substance use.

Blame it on your parents: If you find it hard to say no, make an excuse that your parents won't allow you to do it. For example, "My parents will kill me if they find out I'm smoking." Seeking Help and Support: If you or someone you know is struggling with substance abuse, it's important to seek help.

Here are some resources: Talk to a trusted adult: Parents, teachers, counselors, or other trusted adults can provide support and guidance.

School counselors or psychologists: Most schools have counselors available to talk to students about their problems. South African National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (SANCA): SANCA offers treatment and support services for individuals and families affected by substance abuse (www.sanca.co.za).

Community health centers: These centres provide medical and psychological services, including help for substance abuse.

Lifeline South Africa: This organization provides confidential telephone counseling and support (0861 322 322). Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Define substance abuse in your own words. Give one example of a substance commonly abused in South Africa.

Solution: Substance abuse is using legal or illegal substances in a way that is harmful to yourself or others. An example of a commonly abused substance in South Africa is alcohol.