Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 3

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Collect data using surveys and tally charts.
• Organize data into pictographs.
• Answer questions using data in pictographs.
• Explain how to solve data handling problems.
• Use good strategies for taking tests.

Lesson summary

Data handling is a crucial skill that helps us understand the world around us. In our daily lives, we encounter data everywhere – from counting how many children take the bus to school, to keeping track of the weather for planning outdoor activities. In South Africa, understanding data is essential for making informed decisions about things like water usage during droughts, tracking wildlife populations in national parks, or even just deciding which flavour of Simba chips is the most popular among friends! This week, we'll be focusing on collecting, organizing, and interpreting data to answer questions and solve problems.

Lesson notes

What is Data? Data is information! It can be numbers, words, pictures, or anything that tells us something about the world. For example, if we count how many children in our class like different fruits, the number of children who like each fruit is data.

Data Collection: Surveys and Tally Charts The first step in data handling is collecting data. A common way to do this is by using a survey. A survey asks people questions to gather information. We can keep track of the answers using a tally chart. Each time someone answers, we make a tally mark (|). When we reach five, we draw a line across the four tally marks (||||). This makes it easier to count groups of five.

Example: Survey Question: What is your favorite South African animal? | Animal | Tally Marks | Total | |------------|-------------|-------| | Elephant | |||| | 4 | | Lion | |||| | 5 | | Zebra | ||||| | 6 | | Giraffe | || | 2 | Organizing Data: Pictographs A pictograph is a way to show data using pictures or symbols. Each picture represents one or more things. For Grade 3, we will focus on pictographs where each picture represents just one thing (one-to-one correspondence).

Example: Let's use the animal data from the tally chart above to create a pictograph.

Title: Favorite South African Animals | Animal | Pictograph | |------------|---------------------------------------------| | Elephant | 🐘🐘🐘🐘 | | Lion | 🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁 | | Zebra | 🦓🦓🦓🦓🦓🦓 | | Giraffe | 🦒🦒 | Key: 🐘 = 1 Elephant, 🦁 = 1 Lion, 🦓 = 1 Zebra, 🦒 = 1 Giraffe Interpreting Data: Answering Questions Once we have our pictograph, we can use it to answer questions about the data. Which animal is the most popular? (Zebra) Which animal is the least popular? (Giraffe) How many more people like Lions than Elephants? (5 - 4 = 1) Exam Preparation Strategies Read Carefully: Read each question carefully and underline the important information.

Show Your Work: Show all your calculations and steps so you can get partial credit even if you don't get the final answer correct.

Check Your Answers: After you finish, go back and check your answers to make sure they make sense.

Manage Your Time: Don't spend too much time on one question. If you are stuck, move on and come back to it later.

Stay Calm: Take deep breaths and remember what you have learned. You can do it! Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: A Grade 3 class surveyed their favorite South African fruits.

Here are the results: Mango: 6, Watermelon: 4, Guava: 3, Banana:

5. Create a tally chart to represent this data.

Solution: | Fruit | Tally Marks | Total | |------------|-------------|-------| | Mango | |||| || | 6 | | Watermelon | |||| | 4 | | Guava | ||| | 3 | | Banana | |||| | | 5 | Explanation: We created a table with the fruits and then used tally marks to represent the number of students who liked each fruit. We made sure to group the tally marks in fives for easy counting.

Question 2: Use the data from Question 1 to create a pictograph. Use a picture of the fruit to represent each vote.

Solution: Title: Favorite South African Fruits | Fruit | Pictograph | |------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------| | Mango | 🥭🥭🥭🥭🥭🥭 | | Watermelon | 🍉🍉🍉🍉 | | Guava | 🍈🍈🍈 | | Banana | 🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌 | Key: 🥭 = 1 Mango, 🍉 = 1 Watermelon, 🍈 = 1 Guava, 🍌 = 1 Banana Explanation: We chose a symbol to represent each fruit and drew the correct number of symbols based on the tally chart.

Question 3: Look at the pictograph you created in Question

2. Which fruit is the most popular? How many students like watermelon?

Solution: Most popular fruit: Mango Number of students who like watermelon: 4 Explanation: We looked at the pictograph and counted the number of symbols for each fruit. The fruit with the most symbols is the most popular. The number of watermelon symbols tells us how many students like watermelon. Independent Practice (Questions Only) A group of children counted the number of cars that passed by their school in 10 minutes.

They saw: 7 red cars, 5 blue cars, 3 white cars, and 6 silver cars. Create a tally chart to show this data. Use the data from Question 1 to draw a pictograph. Choose a simple symbol to represent each car. Using your pictograph from Question 2, answer the following questions: What is the most common car color? What is the least common car color? How many more red cars were seen than white cars? Sipho asked his classmates what their favorite South African sport is. 8 students chose soccer, 6 chose rugby, 4 chose cricket, and 2 chose netball. Represent this information in a pictograph. Using the pictograph from Question 4, answer the following questions: Which sport is the most popular? How many students like cricket and netball combined? How many more students like soccer than rugby? Sarah has 12 apples, John has 8 apples and Thando has 6 apples. Illustrate this using a pictograph.