Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 3

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Collect and organise data using tally marks and tables.
• Represent data using pictographs.
• Answer questions about data in tables and pictographs.
• Find the most and least common items in a data set.
• Use data handling to solve word problems.

Lesson summary

Data handling is a crucial skill in mathematics that helps us to collect, organise, represent, and interpret information. In our everyday lives in South Africa, we use data handling to understand things like the weather forecast (will it rain for the school sports day?), to compare the prices of groceries at different shops (which shop has the cheapest bread?), or to keep track of our scores in games. This week, we will focus on preparing for our upcoming exam by reviewing the key concepts of data handling we've learned this term. By understanding data handling, we can make informed decisions and better understand the world around us.

Lesson notes

What is Data? Data is information, like numbers, words, or pictures, that we collect. For example, the number of learners in our class is data. The favourite colours of learners are data. The types of animals learners have as pets are data.

Tally Marks: Tally marks are a way of counting and keeping track of data quickly. We use vertical lines (I) to represent each item. For every five items, we draw a diagonal line across the four vertical lines. This makes it easy to count groups of five. So, 1 = I, 2 = II, 3 = III, 4 = IIII, 5 =

H. Example: Let's say we are counting how many learners like different fruits.

Apples: H II (7 learners)

Bananas: H H I (11 learners)

Oranges: H III (8 learners)

Tables: A table is a way to organize data in rows and columns. This makes it easy to read and understand the information.

Example: Using the fruit data from above, we can create a table: | Fruit | Number of Learners | | -------- | ------------------ | | Apples | 7 | | Bananas | 11 | | Oranges | 8 | Pictographs: A pictograph uses pictures to represent data. Each picture stands for a certain number of items (in Grade 3, we usually use one picture to represent one item). It’s important to have a key that tells you what each picture represents.

Example: Let’s create a pictograph for the fruit data. We’ll use a fruit picture to represent one learner. | Fruit | Pictograph | | -------- | --------------------------------------------- | | Apples | 🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎 | | Bananas | 🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌🍌 | | Oranges | 🍊🍊🍊🍊🍊🍊🍊🍊 | Key: 🍎 = 1 learner, 🍌 = 1 learner, 🍊 = 1 learner Interpreting Data: Interpreting data means understanding what the data tells us.

We can answer questions like: Which fruit is the most popular? (Bananas) Which fruit is the least popular? (Apples) How many more learners like bananas than apples? (11 - 7 = 4) How many learners were surveyed in total? (7 + 11 + 8 = 26)

Exam Preparation Tips: Read each question carefully. Underline important information in the question. Show your working clearly. Check your answers. Don't spend too long on one question. If you're stuck, move on and come back to it later. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: The learners in Grade 3 were asked to vote for their favorite sport.

Here are the results: Football: H H II Netball: H III Rugby: H I Tennis: II a) Organise the data in a table. b) Which sport is the most popular? c) Which sport is the least popular?

Solution: a)

Table: | Sport | Number of Learners | | -------- | ------------------ | | Football | 12 | | Netball | 8 | | Rugby | 6 | | Tennis | 2 | b) Football is the most popular (12 learners). c) Tennis is the least popular (2 learners).

Commentary: We first count the tally marks for each sport to find the number of learners. Then, we create the table with the sport and corresponding number of learners. Finally, we identify the sport with the highest and lowest number of learners from the table.

Question 2: Here is a pictograph showing the number of books read by four learners: | Learner | Number of Books | |---|---| | Sipho | 📚📚📚📚 | | Thandi | 📚📚📚📚📚📚 | | Musa | 📚📚📚 | | Zola | 📚📚📚📚📚 | Key: 📚 = 1 book a) How many books did Thandi read? b) Who read the most books? c) How many more books did Zola read than Musa?

Solution: a) Thandi read 6 books. b) Thandi read the most books. c) Zola read 5 books and Musa read 3 books, so Zola read 5 - 3 = 2 more books than Musa.

Commentary: We use the key to determine what each picture represents. In this case, each book picture represents one book. To answer the questions, we simply count the number of books for each learner and perform subtraction where necessary.

Question 3: A survey was conducted to find out the favourite colour of Grade 3 learners. 5 learners chose blue, 3 chose red, 7 chose green, and 2 chose yellow. a) Represent this information in a table. b) Draw a pictograph to represent this data. c) Which is the most popular colour? d) How many learners were surveyed in total?

Solution: a)

Table: | Colour | Number of Learners | |---|---| | Blue | 5 | | Red | 3 | | Green | 7 | | Yellow | 2 | b)

Pictograph: | Colour | Pictograph | |---|---| | Blue | 🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵 | | Red | 🔴🔴🔴 | | Green | 🟢🟢🟢🟢🟢🟢🟢 | | Yellow | 🟡🟡 | Key: 🔵 = 1 learner, 🔴 = 1 learner, 🟢 = 1 learner, 🟡 = 1 learner c) Green is the most popular colour. d) 5 + 3 + 7 + 2 = 17 learners were surveyed in total.

Commentary: We first organize the given data into a table. Then, we create a pictograph based on the information in the table, using a symbol to represent one learner. Finally, we determine the most popular color from the table and calculate the total number of learners surveyed by adding the number of learners for each color. Independent Practice (Questions Only) A class of learners collected bottle caps for recycling.

They collected: Monday: 10 bottle caps Tuesday: 8 bottle caps Wednesday: 12 bottle caps Thursday: 6 bottle caps Friday: 14 bottle caps Organise this data in a table. Using the bottle cap data from question 1, draw a pictograph.