Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 3

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Quickly recall multiplication facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10.
• Solve word problems using multiplication.
• Quickly recall division facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10.
• Solve word problems using division.
• Understand how multiplication and division are related.

Lesson summary

This week, we're diving deep into multiplication and division facts for the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, and

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0. Understanding these facts is super important because it makes everyday calculations much faster and easier. Imagine you are at the local spaza shop buying sweets or helping your family pack lunchboxes for school. Knowing your multiplication and division facts will help you quickly figure out how much things cost or how many items each person gets! It's like having a secret Math superpower! These skills are fundamental building blocks for more complex mathematics in higher grades.

Lesson notes

Multiplication: Multiplication is a shortcut for repeated addition. It’s about finding the total number of items when you have equal groups. The multiplication symbol is ×.

Example 1: Multiplication with 2 – Imagine you have 3 friends, and each friend has 2 apples. To find out how many apples there are in total, you can add 2 + 2 + 2 =

6. Or, you can multiply 3 (number of friends) × 2 (apples per friend) = 6 apples. This is written as 3 × 2 =

6. Example 2: Multiplication with 3 – If you're planting seeds in your garden, and you plant 4 rows of seeds, with 3 seeds in each row, you’ve planted 4 × 3 = 12 seeds.

Example 3: Multiplication with 4 – Let’s say you buy 5 packets of sweets, and each packet has 4 sweets inside. In total, you have 5 × 4 = 20 sweets.

Example 4: Multiplication with 5 – If you collect 6 groups of 5 bottle caps for recycling, you have collected 6 × 5 = 30 bottle caps.

Example 5: Multiplication with 10 – Your family is saving money. If each member saves R10 per week, and there are 7 members in your family, then your family saves 7 × R10 = R70 per week.

Division: Division is splitting a total amount into equal groups. It’s the opposite of multiplication. The division symbol is ÷.

Example 1: Division by 2 – You have 10 biscuits and want to share them equally between you and your friend. That means you have to divide 10 biscuits ÷ 2 people = 5 biscuits each. This is written as 10 ÷ 2 =

5. Example 2: Division by 3 – Your grandmother baked 15 cookies and wants to divide them equally among 3 grandchildren. Each grandchild will get 15 ÷ 3 = 5 cookies.

Example 3: Division by 4 – You have 20 pencils and want to put them equally into 4 pencil cases. Each pencil case will have 20 ÷ 4 = 5 pencils.

Example 4: Division by 5 – A farmer has 30 tomatoes and wants to put them into bags, with 5 tomatoes in each bag. The farmer will need 30 ÷ 5 = 6 bags.

Example 5: Division by 10 – You have R50 and want to buy airtime vouchers that cost R10 each. You can buy 50 ÷ 10 = 5 airtime vouchers. The Relationship Between Multiplication and Division: Multiplication and division are inverse operations. This means that one "undoes" the other. If 3 × 4 = 12, then 12 ÷ 4 = 3 and 12 ÷ 3 =

4. This connection helps you check your answers and understand how multiplication and division work together.

Using Visual Aids: Arrays: An array is a visual representation of multiplication. For example, to show 3 × 4 = 12, you can draw 3 rows of dots with 4 dots in each row. ``` . . . . . . . . . . . . ``` Counting the dots shows you the total number of dots is

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2. Counters: Counters (like bottle caps or small stones) can be used to physically represent multiplication and division problems. For example, to divide 15 counters by 3, you can physically separate the 15 counters into 3 equal groups and count how many counters are in each group. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Maria has 4 bags of oranges. Each bag contains 5 oranges. How many oranges does Maria have in total?

Solution: This is a multiplication problem. We have 4 bags and each bag has 5 oranges. So, we need to calculate 4 × 5. 4 × 5 = 20 Maria has a total of 20 oranges.

Question 2: Sipho has 18 sweets and wants to share them equally among 3 friends. How many sweets does each friend get?

Solution: This is a division problem. We have 18 sweets and 3 friends. So, we need to calculate 18 ÷ 3. 18 ÷ 3 = 6 Each friend gets 6 sweets.

Question 3: A baker made 3 cakes. Each cake needs 10 candles. How many candles does the baker need in total?

Solution: This is a multiplication problem. We have 3 cakes and each cake needs 10 candles. So, we need to calculate 3 × 10. 3 × 10 = 30 The baker needs 30 candles in total.

Question 4: You have 24 crayons and want to put them into boxes. If you put 4 crayons in each box, how many boxes will you need?

Solution: This is a division problem. We have 24 crayons and 4 crayons in each box. So, we need to calculate 24 ÷ 4. 24 ÷ 4 = 6 You will need 6 boxes. Independent Practice (Questions Only) Nomsa buys 6 loaves of bread. Each loaf costs R

5. How much money does Nomsa spend in total? A class of 30 learners needs to be divided into 5 equal groups for a project. How many learners will be in each group? A farmer plants 7 rows of maize plants, with 3 plants in each row. How many maize plants did the farmer plant in total? You have 16 cookies and want to share them equally between 2 people. How many cookies does each person get? Thabo has 8 packets of chips. If each packet has 4 chips, how many chips does Thabo have in total? A fruit seller has 40 apples and wants to put them in bags of 10 apples each. How many bags does the fruit seller need? Sarah saved R

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5. She wants to buy sweets that cost R5 each. How many sweets can Sarah buy? A school has 9 classrooms, and each classroom has 3 windows. How many windows are there in the whole school? You have 20 marbles and want to divide them equally among 5 friends. How many marbles does each friend get?