Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 3

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Quickly use multiplication facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10.
• Quickly use division facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10.
• Understand that multiplication and division are opposites.
• Solve simple word problems using multiplication and division.
• Show problems with drawings and number sentences.

Lesson summary

This week, we dive into the exciting world of multiplication and division! These are not just sums we do in class; they are maths superpowers we use every day. Think about sharing a packet of NikNaks with your friends – that's division! Or figuring out the cost of buying four Chappies at the spaza shop – that's multiplication! By mastering the multiplication and division facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10, learners will build a strong foundation for all future mathematics. This skill helps in quick mental calculations, problem-solving, and understanding patterns in numbers, making maths faster, easier, and more fun.

Lesson notes

What is Multiplication? Multiplication is a fast way of doing repeated addition. When we have equal groups of things, we can multiply to find the total amount quickly. The symbol for multiplication is ×.

Example: Gogo plants 4 rows of spinach. She puts 5 plants in each row.

We can add them up: 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20 Or, we can multiply: 4 groups of 5 is 4 × 5 = 20 We say: "Four times five equals twenty." What is Division? Division is the opposite of multiplication.

It helps us do two things: Sharing Equally: Splitting a total amount into equal groups.

Grouping: Finding out how many equal groups you can make from a total amount. The symbol for division is ÷.

Example 1 (Sharing): Thabo has 12 sweets. He wants to share them equally among his 3 friends.

We need to solve: 12 ÷ 3 = ? We can share them out one by one. Each friend will get 4 sweets. So, 12 ÷ 3 = 4 Example 2 (Grouping): A baker has 30 koeksisters. She packs them into bags with 3 koeksisters in each bag. How many bags can she make? We need to find out how many groups of 3 are in

3

0. We solve: 30 ÷ 3 = ? By skip counting in 3s (3, 6, 9, ... 30), we find there are 10 groups. So, 30 ÷ 3 =

1

0. The baker can make 10 bags.

The Magic Relationship: Fact Families Multiplication and division are related. They are inverse (opposite) operations. For any set of three related numbers, you can create a "fact family" with two multiplication sums and two division sums. Let's use the numbers 4, 5, and 20. 4 × 5 = 20 5 × 4 = 20 20 ÷ 4 = 5 20 ÷ 5 = 4 If you know one fact, you can figure out the other three! This is a very powerful trick.