Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 3

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Quickly recall multiplication and division facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10.
• Solve simple word problems using multiplication and division.
• Understand that multiplication and division are opposites.

Lesson summary

This week, we're diving deeper into the world of multiplication and division! We'll be focusing specifically on mastering the multiplication and division facts for the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, and

1

0. Knowing these facts is super important. Imagine you're at the local spaza shop buying sweets. If you know your multiplication facts, you can quickly figure out how much 5 packets of sweets cost if each packet is R

4. And if you're sharing sweets equally with your friends, knowing your division facts will help you share fairly. It makes everyday calculations much faster and easier, and it's a building block for more complex math later on.

Lesson notes

Multiplication: Multiplication is a quick way of adding the same number multiple times. The multiplication symbol is "x". For example, 3 x 4 means adding 3 together 4 times (3 + 3 + 3 + 3), which equals

1

2. Another way to think about it is having 4 groups of 3 objects each.

Factors: The numbers being multiplied together are called factors. In the example 3 x 4, 3 and 4 are factors.

Product: The answer you get after multiplying is called the product. In the example 3 x 4 = 12, 12 is the product.

Division: Division is splitting a number into equal groups. The division symbol is "÷" or "/". For example, 12 ÷ 4 means splitting 12 into 4 equal groups. Each group will have 3 in it.

Dividend: The number being divided is called the dividend. In the example 12 ÷ 4, 12 is the dividend.

Divisor: The number you are dividing by is called the divisor. In the example 12 ÷ 4, 4 is the divisor.

Quotient: The answer you get after dividing is called the quotient. In the example 12 ÷ 4 = 3, 3 is the quotient. The Link Between Multiplication and Division: Multiplication and division are like opposites! They "undo" each other. If you know that 5 x 2 = 10, then you also know that 10 ÷ 2 = 5 and 10 ÷ 5 =

2. This is called the inverse relationship.

Multiplication and Division Facts for 2: x2: This means doubling a number. Think of having two of something. 1 x 2 = 2 2 x 2 = 4 3 x 2 = 6 4 x 2 = 8 5 x 2 = 10 6 x 2 = 12 7 x 2 = 14 8 x 2 = 16 9 x 2 = 18 10 x 2 = 20 11 x 2 = 22 12 x 2 = 24 ÷2: This means halving a number. Think of sharing something equally between two people. 2 ÷ 2 = 1 4 ÷ 2 = 2 6 ÷ 2 = 3 8 ÷ 2 = 4 10 ÷ 2 = 5 12 ÷ 2 = 6 14 ÷ 2 = 7 16 ÷ 2 = 8 18 ÷ 2 = 9 20 ÷ 2 = 10 22 ÷ 2 = 11 24 ÷ 2 = 12 Multiplication and Division Facts for 3: x3: This means adding the same number three times. 1 x 3 = 3 2 x 3 = 6 3 x 3 = 9 4 x 3 = 12 5 x 3 = 15 6 x 3 = 18 7 x 3 = 21 8 x 3 = 24 9 x 3 = 27 10 x 3 = 30 11 x 3 = 33 12 x 3 = 36 ÷3: This means splitting a number into three equal groups. 3 ÷ 3 = 1 6 ÷ 3 = 2 9 ÷ 3 = 3 12 ÷ 3 = 4 15 ÷ 3 = 5 18 ÷ 3 = 6 21 ÷ 3 = 7 24 ÷ 3 = 8 27 ÷ 3 = 9 30 ÷ 3 = 10 33 ÷ 3 = 11 36 ÷ 3 = 12 Multiplication and Division Facts for 4: x4: This means adding the same number four times. 1 x 4 = 4 2 x 4 = 8 3 x 4 = 12 4 x 4 = 16 5 x 4 = 20 6 x 4 = 24 7 x 4 = 28 8 x 4 = 32 9 x 4 = 36 10 x 4 = 40 11 x 4 = 44 12 x 4 = 48 ÷4: This means splitting a number into four equal groups. 4 ÷ 4 = 1 8 ÷ 4 = 2 12 ÷ 4 = 3 16 ÷ 4 = 4 20 ÷ 4 = 5 24 ÷ 4 = 6 28 ÷ 4 = 7 32 ÷ 4 = 8 36 ÷ 4 = 9 40 ÷ 4 = 10 44 ÷ 4 = 11 48 ÷ 4 = 12 Multiplication and Division Facts for 5: x5: This means adding the same number five times. Numbers multiplied by 5 always end in a 0 or 5. 1 x 5 = 5 2 x 5 = 10 3 x 5 = 15 4 x 5 = 20 5 x 5 = 25 6 x 5 = 30 7 x 5 = 35 8 x 5 = 40 9 x 5 = 45 10 x 5 = 50 11 x 5 = 55 12 x 5 = 60 ÷5: This means splitting a number into five equal groups. Numbers that can be divided by 5 always end in a 0 or 5. 5 ÷ 5 = 1 10 ÷ 5 = 2 15 ÷ 5 = 3 20 ÷ 5 = 4 25 ÷ 5 = 5 30 ÷ 5 = 6 35 ÷ 5 = 7 40 ÷ 5 = 8 45 ÷ 5 = 9 50 ÷ 5 = 10 55 ÷ 5 = 11 60 ÷ 5 = 12 Multiplication and Division Facts for 10: x10: This means adding the same number ten times. To multiply a number by 10, simply add a 0 to the end of the number. 1 x 10 = 10 2 x 10 = 20 3 x 10 = 30 4 x 10 = 40 5 x 10 = 50 6 x 10 = 60 7 x 10 = 70 8 x 10 = 80 9 x 10 = 90 10 x 10 = 100 11 x 10 = 110 12 x 10 = 120 ÷10: This means splitting a number into ten equal groups. To divide a number ending in 0 by 10, simply remove the 0. 10 ÷ 10 = 1 20 ÷ 10 = 2 30 ÷ 10 = 3 40 ÷ 10 = 4 50 ÷ 10 = 5 60 ÷ 10 = 6 70 ÷ 10 = 7 80 ÷ 10 = 8 90 ÷ 10 = 9 100 ÷ 10 = 10 110 ÷ 10 = 11 120 ÷ 10 = 12

Worked example

Example 1 (Multiplication): Thando has 4 packets of chips. Each packet costs R

5. How much did Thando spend in total?

We need to find the total cost, which means we need to multiply the number of packets by the cost per packet.

4 packets x R5/packet = R20

Therefore, Thando spent R20 in total.

Example 2 (Division): Aisha has 15 marbles. She wants to share them equally between 3 friends. How many marbles will each friend get?

We need to divide the total number of marbles by the number of friends.

15 marbles ÷ 3 friends = 5 marbles/friend

Therefore, each friend will get 5 marbles.

Example 3 (Word Problem): Sipho earns R10 for every hour he helps his mother in the garden. If he works for 3 hours, how much money will he earn?

We need to multiply his hourly earnings by the number of hours he worked.

R10/hour x 3 hours = R30

Therefore, Sipho will earn R

3

0.

Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Complete the following multiplication sentence: 5 x 4 = ?

Solution: 5 x 4 means 5 added to itself 4 times: 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 =

2

0. Alternatively, it means having 4 groups of

5. Therefore, 5 x 4 =

2

0. Question 2: Complete the following division sentence: 24 ÷ 3 = ?