Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 3

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Quickly recall multiplication facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, 10.
• Quickly recall division facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, 10.
• Explain the link between multiplication and division.
• Solve word problems.
• Create fact families.

Lesson summary

This week, we are becoming champions of multiplication and division! We will focus on the multiplication and division facts for the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, and

1

0. Understanding these facts is like learning a secret code for solving maths problems quickly and easily. In everyday life in South Africa, we use this 'secret code' all the time without even realising it. When you share a packet of NikNaks with your friends, work out how much money you need to buy a few loose sweets from the spaza shop, or help pack groceries into bags, you are using multiplication and division. Mastering these facts will make you a confident problem-solver at school and at home.

Lesson notes

What are Multiplication and Division? Multiplication (x) is like quick adding. It's when you have equal groups of something and you want to find the total. The sign for multiplication is 'x'. For example, 4 groups of 5 cars is the same as 5 + 5 + 5 + 5, which we write as 4 x 5 =

2

0. Division (÷) is the opposite. It's about sharing equally or making equal groups. The sign for division is '÷'. For example, if you have 20 sweets to share equally among 4 friends, you are dividing. We write this as 20 ÷ 4 =

5. Each friend gets 5 sweets.

The Magic Link: Fact Families Multiplication and division are best friends! They are inverse (opposite) operations. For any multiplication fact, there are related division facts. Together, they make a fact family. Let's look at the numbers 3, 5, and

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5. Multiplication: 3 groups of 5 = 15 --> 3 x 5 = 15 5 groups of 3 = 15 --> 5 x 3 = 15 Division: 15 shared into 3 groups = 5 --> 15 ÷ 3 = 5 15 shared into 5 groups = 3 --> 15 ÷ 5 = 3 These four number sentences make up the fact family for 3, 5, and

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5. Knowing one helps you know them all! Mastering the Facts Let's break down the facts for each number with South African examples. The '2' Facts (Doubling and Halving)

Multiplying by 2: This is the same as doubling a number.

Example:* Sipho buys 6 pairs of socks for school. How many socks does he have in total? A pair means

2. Calculation:* 6 groups of 2 socks is 6 x 2 =

1

2. Sipho has 12 socks.

Dividing by 2: This is the same as halving a number.

Example:* Thandi has 18 marbles and wants to share them equally with her brother. How many marbles does each child get?

Calculation:* 18 shared between 2 people is 18 ÷ 2 =

9. They each get 9 marbles. The '5' and '10' Facts (Counting with Hands and Money)

Multiplying by 5: Think of counting in 5s (fingers on one hand, R5 coins).

Example:* How much money do you have if you have 7 R5 coins?

Calculation:* 7 groups of 5 is 7 x 5 = R

3

5. Multiplying by 10: This is easy! Just add a zero to the end of the number.

Example:* A taxi can hold 10 passengers. How many passengers can fit into 4 taxis?

Calculation:* 4 groups of 10 is 4 x 10 = 40. 40 passengers can fit.

Dividing by 10: Take the zero away from the end of the number.

Example:* Gogo has a bag with 50 oranges. She wants to put them into smaller bags of

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0. How many bags will she need?

Calculation:* 50 shared into groups of 10 is 50 ÷ 10 =

5. She will need 5 bags. The '3' and '4' Facts (Building up)

Multiplying by 3: Think of skip-counting in 3s: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27,

3

0. Example:* A tricycle has 3 wheels. How many wheels are there on 5 tricycles?

Calculation:* 5 groups of 3 is 5 x 3 =

1

5. There are 15 wheels.

Multiplying by 4: You can double a number and then double it again!

Example:* A dog has 4 legs. How many legs do 6 dogs have?

Calculation:* 6 x 4 = ?

Let's double 6: 6 x 2 =

1

2. Now double that answer: 12 x 2 =

2

4. So, 6 x 4 =

2

4. They have 24 legs.

Dividing by 4:

Example:* A baker packs 32 vetkoek into boxes that hold 4 each. How many boxes does he need?

Calculation:* We need to solve 32 ÷ 4 = ?. We can ask ourselves, "What number times 4 gives me 32?" By knowing our multiplication facts, we know that 8 x 4 =

3

2. So, 32 ÷ 4 =

8. He needs 8 boxes. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: There are 9 children in a team. Each child needs a new pair of running shoes. How many shoes are needed altogether? Solution and

Commentary: Step 1: Identify the key numbers. The numbers are 9 (children) and a 'pair', which means

2. Step 2: Decide the operation. We have 9 groups of 2 shoes. 'Groups of' tells us to multiply.

Step 3: Write the number sentence. 9 x 2 = ?

Step 4: Solve it.

We can count in 2s nine times: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16,

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8. Or we can recall the fact: 9 x 2 =

1

8. Answer: 18 shoes are needed altogether.

Question 2: Zola has R

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5. She wants to buy lollipops that cost R5 each. How many lollipops can she buy? Solution and

Commentary: Step 1: Identify the key numbers. The numbers are 45 (total Rands) and 5 (cost per lollipop).

Step 2: Decide the operation. We are finding out how many groups of R5 are in R

4

5. This means we need to divide.

Step 3: Write the number sentence. 45 ÷ 5 = ?

Step 4: Solve it.

We can ask the inverse question: "What number times 5 equals 45?" We can skip-count in 5s until we get to 45: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,

4

5. We said 9 numbers. So, 9 x 5 =

4

5. Answer: Zola can buy 9 lollipops.

Question 3: Write the full fact family for the numbers 4, 8, and

3

2. Solution and

Commentary: Step 1: Understand 'fact family'. This means we need to write two multiplication sentences and two division sentences using only these three numbers.

Step 2: Start with multiplication. We multiply the two smaller numbers to get the biggest number. 4 x 8 = 32 8 x 4 = 32 (Remember, we can swap them!)

Step 3: Now do the division. We start with the biggest number and divide by one of the smaller numbers.