Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Identify and describe simple number patterns.
• Extend number patterns by finding the rule.
• Create your own number patterns.
• Solve word problems using patterns.

Lesson summary

Patterns are everywhere! From the stripes on a zebra to the tiles on your kitchen floor, patterns help us understand and predict what comes next. In mathematics, patterns can be found in numbers too. Understanding number patterns is important because it helps us with counting, addition, subtraction, and even problem-solving in our daily lives. For example, if you are saving money to buy a toy, understanding number patterns can help you figure out how much money you will have each week. This week, we're going to explore number patterns and learn the simple rules that create them. This is useful even when lining up for assembly at school, or sharing sweets equally between friends!

Lesson notes

A number pattern is a sequence of numbers that follow a specific rule. This rule tells us how to get from one number to the next in the pattern. The rule often involves addition or subtraction.

Key Concepts: Sequence: A list of numbers, objects, or events arranged in a particular order.

Rule: A statement that describes how the numbers in a pattern are related.

Terms: The individual numbers in a number pattern.

Increasing pattern: A pattern where the numbers get bigger (usually by adding).

Decreasing pattern: A pattern where the numbers get smaller (usually by subtracting).

Examples of Rules and Patterns: Counting on by 1: The rule is "+1".

Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... (Each number is 1 more than the number before it).

Counting on by 2: The rule is "+2".

Example: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ... (Each number is 2 more than the number before it).

Counting on by 5: The rule is "+5".

Example: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ... (Each number is 5 more than the number before it).

Counting on by 10: The rule is "+10".

Example: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, ... (Each number is 10 more than the number before it).

Counting back by 1: The rule is "-1".

Example: 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, ... (Each number is 1 less than the number before it).

Counting back by 2: The rule is "-2".

Example: 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, ... (Each number is 2 less than the number before it).

Worked example

Example 1:

Thando is arranging stones in her garden. She places 3 stones in the first row, 5 stones in the second row, and 7 stones in the third row. If she continues this pattern, how many stones will she put in the fourth row?

Step 1: Identify the pattern: Look at the sequence: 3, 5,

7. Step 2: Determine the rule: What is added to 3 to get 5? (3 + 2 = 5)

What is added to 5 to get 7? (5 + 2 = 7)

The rule is "+2".

Step 3: Apply the rule: To find the number of stones in the fourth row, add 2 to the number of stones in the third row. 7 + 2 =

9. Answer: Thando will put 9 stones in the fourth row.

Example 2:

A baker is making cupcakes. He puts 10 cupcakes in the first box, 8 cupcakes in the second box, and 6 cupcakes in the third box. How many cupcakes will he put in the fifth box?

Step 1: Identify the pattern: Look at the sequence: 10, 8,

6. Step 2: Determine the rule: What is subtracted from 10 to get 8? (10 - 2 = 8)

What is subtracted from 8 to get 6? (8 - 2 = 6)

The rule is "-2".

Step 3: Apply the rule to find the 4th term: 6 - 2 =

4. The 4th box has 4 cupcakes.

Step 4: Apply the rule to find the 5th term: 4 - 2 =

2. Answer: He will put 2 cupcakes in the fifth box.