Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Find and continue simple number patterns.
• Describe the rule for a pattern.
• Create your own number patterns.
• Find missing numbers in a pattern.

Lesson summary

In Week 10, we're diving into the exciting world of number patterns! Number patterns are all around us – from the way houses are numbered on a street to the sequence of days in a week. Understanding number patterns helps us predict what comes next, which is a useful skill in everyday life, like planning a party or budgeting your pocket money. For South African learners, recognizing patterns in things like the arrangement of beads in traditional Zulu beadwork or the layout of houses in a township helps connect math to their culture and surroundings.

Lesson notes

A number pattern is a sequence of numbers that follows a specific rule. The rule tells us how to get from one number to the next in the pattern. These rules often involve adding or subtracting the same number each time. Let's explore this with some examples. Increasing Patterns (Growing Bigger) An increasing pattern gets bigger with each number. This usually involves addition.

Example 1: 2, 4, 6, 8, __, __ Explanation: To find the rule, we need to see how much each number increases. From 2 to 4, we add

2. From 4 to 6, we add

2. From 6 to 8, we add

2. So, the rule is "add 2 each time". To complete the pattern, we add 2 to 8, which gives us

1

0. Then we add 2 to 10, which gives us

1

2. The completed pattern is: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,

1

2. Example 2: 5, 10, 15, 20, __, __ Explanation: From 5 to 10, we add

5. From 10 to 15, we add

5. From 15 to 20, we add

5. The rule is "add 5 each time". To complete the pattern, we add 5 to 20, which gives us

2

5. Then we add 5 to 25, which gives us

3

0. The completed pattern is: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,

3

0. Imagine these are amounts of money – you get R5 pocket money each week! Decreasing Patterns (Getting Smaller) A decreasing pattern gets smaller with each number. This usually involves subtraction.

Example 1: 10, 8, 6, 4, __, __ Explanation: To find the rule, we need to see how much each number decreases. From 10 to 8, we subtract

2. From 8 to 6, we subtract

2. From 6 to 4, we subtract

2. So, the rule is "subtract 2 each time". To complete the pattern, we subtract 2 from 4, which gives us

2. Then we subtract 2 from 2, which gives us

0. The completed pattern is: 10, 8, 6, 4, 2,

0. Example 2: 25, 20, 15, 10, __, __ Explanation: From 25 to 20, we subtract

5. From 20 to 15, we subtract

5. From 15 to 10, we subtract

5. The rule is "subtract 5 each time". To complete the pattern, we subtract 5 from 10, which gives us

5. Then we subtract 5 from 5, which gives us

0. The completed pattern is: 25, 20, 15, 10, 5,

0. Imagine this as having 25 sweets and eating 5 each day. Finding Missing Numbers Sometimes, we need to find missing numbers within a pattern. The key is to figure out the rule first.

Example: 3, __, 7, 9, __ Explanation: Let’s look at the numbers we have: 3, ?, 7, 9, ?. What’s happening between 7 and 9? We are adding

2. Let’s try adding 2 to 3: 3 + 2 =

5. Does adding 2 to 5 give us 7? Yes! So, the rule is "add 2 each time". This means the first missing number is 5 (3 + 2 = 5), and the second missing number is 11 (9 + 2 = 11).

The completed pattern is: 3, 5, 7, 9,

1

1. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Complete the pattern and state the rule: 1, 3, 5, __, __ Solution: To get from 1 to 3, we add

2. To get from 3 to 5, we add

2. The rule is "add 2 each time". Adding 2 to 5 gives us 7, and adding 2 to 7 gives us

9. The completed pattern is 1, 3, 5, 7,

9. Commentary: This is a simple increasing pattern focusing on addition. Identifying the initial increment (2) is key to solving it.

Question 2: Complete the pattern and state the rule: 20, 18, 16, __, __ Solution: To get from 20 to 18, we subtract

2. To get from 18 to 16, we subtract

2. The rule is "subtract 2 each time". Subtracting 2 from 16 gives us 14, and subtracting 2 from 14 gives us

1

2. The completed pattern is 20, 18, 16, 14,

1

2. Commentary: This pattern focuses on subtraction. Understanding that the numbers are decreasing is crucial.

Question 3: Find the missing number and state the rule: 4, __, 12, 16 Solution: We need to find the difference between 12 and 16. 16-12 =

4. That makes us think the rule is "add 4". Let's try adding 4 to 4, which gives us

8. Now, let's see if adding 4 to 8 gives us

1

2. Yes! So the missing number is 8, and the rule is "add 4 each time". The completed pattern is 4, 8, 12,

1

6. Commentary: This question requires applying the pattern forwards and backwards to confirm the rule and find the missing number.

Question 4: Complete the pattern: 6, 9, 12, __ , __ Solution: Find the difference between 6 and 9: 9 - 6 =

3. The difference between 9 and 12: 12-9 =

3. The rule is add 3. 12 + 3 = 15. 15 + 3 =

1

8. The answer is 6, 9, 12, 15,

1

8. Commentary: Reinforces addition patterns. Independent Practice (Questions Only)

Complete the pattern: 7, 9, 11, __, __ Complete the pattern: 15, 12, 9, __, __ Find the missing number: 2, 4, __, 8, 10 Find the missing number: 20, 15, __, 5, 0 What is the rule? 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 Create your own increasing pattern starting with 1, using the rule "add 3". Write down the first 5 numbers. Create your own decreasing pattern starting with 20, using the rule "subtract 4". Write down the first 5 numbers.

Complete the pattern: __, 10, 15, 20, __ Complete the pattern: 30, __, 20, 15, __ Thandi has 10 beads. She uses 2 beads each day to make a bracelet. How many beads will she have left after 3 days?