Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Explain multiplication as repeated addition.
• Solve simple multiplication problems.
• Explain division as repeated subtraction.
• Solve simple division problems.
• Use drawings and objects to solve problems.

Lesson summary

Introduction This week, we explore the exciting concepts of multiplication and division. For Grade 2 learners in South Africa, this is a foundational step from simple counting, adding, and subtracting into more complex mathematical thinking. We will discover that multiplication is just a fast way of adding the same number over and over again, and division is a quick way of subtracting the same number repeatedly. This knowledge is incredibly useful in everyday life. For example, when buying items at the spaza shop like 4 Chappies for 50c each, you can multiply instead of adding 50c+50c+50c+50c.

Lesson notes

What is Multiplication? Multiplication is a quick and clever way to add the same number again and again. Instead of saying "add 2 and 2 and 2", we can say "3 groups of 2". It helps us count things much faster!

Key Idea: We are combining equal-sized groups.

Example 1: Counting Wheels Imagine you see 4 taxis. Each taxi has 4 wheels. How many wheels are there in total? We could count every single wheel, but that is slow. We can use repeated addition!

Step 1: Identify the number of groups. There are 4 taxis.

Step 2: Identify the number in each group. Each taxi has 4 wheels.

Step 3: Write the repeated addition number sentence. `4 + 4 + 4 + 4` Step 4: Calculate the total. 4 + 4 = 8 8 + 4 = 12 12 + 4 = 16 Answer: There are 16 wheels altogether. We can say "4 groups of 4 is 16". Later, we will learn to write this as 4 x 4 =

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6. Example 2: Buying Vetkoek Gogo sells vetkoek for R5 each. You want to buy 3 vetkoek for you and your friends.

Step 1: How many groups? 3 (because you are buying 3 vetkoek).

Step 2: How many in each group? R5 (the cost of one vetkoek).

Step 3: Write the repeated addition number sentence. `R5 + R5 + R5` Step 4: Calculate the total. R5 + R5 = R10 R10 + R5 = R15 Answer: You will need R15 to buy 3 vetkoek. "3 groups of 5 is 15". What is Division? Division is about sharing things out equally or making equal-sized groups. When we divide, we are doing repeated subtraction.

Key Idea: We are breaking a large number into equal, smaller groups.

Example 1: Sharing Sweets You have a bag with 12 sweets. You want to share them equally among 3 friends.

Step 1: Start with the total number: 12 sweets.

Step 2: Subtract the number of groups (friends) repeatedly until you get to

0. This is tricky. A better way for sharing is to give one sweet to each friend at a time and subtract the total given away in each round. You give 1 sweet to each of the 3 friends. You have used 3 sweets. `12 - 3 = 9` You give another sweet to each friend. You have used another 3 sweets. `9 - 3 = 6` You give another sweet to each friend. You have used another 3 sweets. `6 - 3 = 3` You give one last sweet to each friend. You have used the last 3 sweets. `3 - 3 = 0` Step 3: Count how many times you were able to subtract

3. You did it 4 times.

Answer: Each friend gets 4 sweets. We can say "12 shared among 3 is 4". Later, we will learn to write this as 12 ÷ 3 =

4. Example 2: Packing Away Books A teacher has 20 new books. She wants to put them on shelves, with 5 books on each shelf. How many shelves will she need?

Step 1: Start with the total: 20 books.

Step 2: Subtract the number in each group (5 books) until you reach

0. Shelf 1: `20 - 5 = 15` (15 books left)

Shelf 2: `15 - 5 = 10` (10 books left)

Shelf 3: `10 - 5 = 5` (5 books left)

Shelf 4: `5 - 5 = 0` (No books left)

Step 3: Count how many times you subtracted

5. You did it 4 times.

Answer: The teacher will need 4 shelves. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: There are 5 bags of oranges. Each bag has 3 oranges. How many oranges are there altogether? Draw a picture and write a repeated addition number sentence.

Solution 1: Understanding the question: We need to find the total number of oranges. We have 5 groups, and each group has 3 oranges.

Drawing: (Draw 5 circles to represent the bags. Inside each circle, draw 3 small dots or smaller circles to represent the oranges.)

Bag 1: O O O Bag 2: O O O Bag 3: O O O Bag 4: O O O Bag 5: O O O Repeated Addition Number Sentence: We are adding the number 3, five times. `3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3` Calculation: 3 + 3 = 6 6 + 3 = 9 9 + 3 = 12 12 + 3 = 15 Final Answer: There are 15 oranges altogether.

Question 2: Mandla has 18 marbles. He wants to put them into bags of 6 marbles each to give to his friends. How many bags of marbles can he make? Show your answer using repeated subtraction.

Solution 2: Understanding the question: We need to find out how many groups of 6 we can make from

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8. Repeated Subtraction: We start with 18 and keep subtracting 6 until we get to 0. `18 - 6 = 12` (That's 1 bag made. 12 marbles left.) `12 - 6 = 6` (That's a 2nd bag made. 6 marbles left.) `6 - 6 = 0` (That's a 3rd bag made. No marbles left.)

Counting the steps: We subtracted 6 a total of 3 times.

Final Answer: Mandla can make 3 bags of marbles.

Question 3: Write a number sentence for 4 groups of

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0. Solve it.

Solution 3: Understanding the question: "4 groups of 10" means we need to add the number 10 four times.

Repeated Addition Number Sentence: `10 + 10 + 10 + 10` Calculation: We can count in tens! 10, 20, 30,

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0. Final Answer: 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 =

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0. Independent Practice (Questions Only) Draw a picture to show 3 groups of 5 stars. Write the repeated addition sentence and find the total.

Solve this: `2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = ?` How many legs do 6 chickens have altogether? Write a repeated addition number sentence for 4 groups of

5. A taxi can take 10 people. How many people can 3 taxis take? Themba has 15 biscuits. He shares them equally among his 5 friends.