Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Use repeated addition for multiplication.
• Use repeated subtraction for division.
• Draw pictures to explain multiplication and division.
• Use the 'x' and '÷' signs correctly.

Lesson summary

This week, we will explore multiplication and division, not just as magic numbers, but as ways of making addition and subtraction much faster! Think about sharing sweets with your friends, or figuring out how many bread rolls are needed for your family's braai. These situations often involve adding or subtracting the same number over and over again. Multiplication and division help us solve these problems quickly and easily. Understanding multiplication and division as repeated addition and subtraction lays a strong foundation for more complex mathematical concepts later on, and helps us solve everyday problems effectively.

Lesson notes

Multiplication as Repeated Addition Multiplication is a shortcut way of adding the same number multiple times. Imagine you have 3 friends, and you want to give each of them 2 sweets.

You could add: 2 sweets + 2 sweets + 2 sweets = 6 sweets That's repeated addition! Multiplication is a quicker way to write this: 3 friends x 2 sweets each = 6 sweets We can write this as: 3 x 2 = 6 The 'x' symbol means 'times' or 'groups of'. So, 3 x 2 means 3 groups of

2. Example 1: Let's say Maria has 4 bags of oranges. Each bag has 3 oranges inside. How many oranges does Maria have in total?

Using repeated addition: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 oranges Using multiplication: 4 bags x 3 oranges/bag = 12 oranges 4 x 3 = 12 Example 2: Sipho is planting a garden. He plants 2 rows of carrots. Each row has 5 carrots. How many carrots did Sipho plant?

Using repeated addition: 5 + 5 = 10 carrots Using multiplication: 2 rows x 5 carrots/row = 10 carrots 2 x 5 = 10 Why Multiplication is a Shortcut: Imagine Sipho planted 10 rows of 5 carrots each. Adding 5 ten times (5+5+5+5+5+5+5+5+5+5) would take a long time! Multiplying (10 x 5 = 50) is much faster. Division as Repeated Subtraction Division is a shortcut way of subtracting the same number multiple times until you reach zero (or are left with a number smaller than what you are subtracting, called a remainder). Imagine you have 12 biscuits and you want to share them equally between 4 friends. You could subtract 4 biscuits (one for each friend) from the pile: 12 - 4 = 8 biscuits left Then subtract another 4: 8 - 4 = 4 biscuits left Then subtract another 4: 4 - 4 = 0 biscuits left You subtracted 4 biscuits three times. This means each friend gets 3 biscuits.

Division is a quicker way to write this: 12 biscuits ÷ 4 friends = 3 biscuits each We can write this as: 12 ÷ 4 = 3 The '÷' symbol means 'divided by'. So, 12 ÷ 4 means 12 divided into 4 equal groups.

Example 1: Nomusa has 15 sweets and wants to share them equally among 3 children. How many sweets does each child get?

Using repeated subtraction: 15 - 3 = 12 12 - 3 = 9 9 - 3 = 6 6 - 3 = 3 3 - 3 = 0 We subtracted 3 five times. This means each child gets 5 sweets.

Using division: 15 sweets ÷ 3 children = 5 sweets/child 15 ÷ 3 = 5 Example 2: A farmer has 20 apples and wants to pack them into bags, with 5 apples in each bag. How many bags will he need?

Using repeated subtraction: 20 - 5 = 15 15 - 5 = 10 10 - 5 = 5 5 - 5 = 0 We subtracted 5 four times. This means the farmer needs 4 bags.

Using division: 20 apples ÷ 5 apples/bag = 4 bags 20 ÷ 5 = 4 Why Division is a Shortcut: Imagine the farmer had 50 apples and wanted to pack them 5 at a time. Subtracting 5 repeatedly would take a long time. Dividing (50 ÷ 5 = 10) is much faster. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Thabo has 2 plates with 4 cookies on each plate. How many cookies does Thabo have in total? Show this as repeated addition and as a multiplication number sentence.

Solution: Repeated addition: 4 + 4 = 8 cookies Multiplication: 2 x 4 = 8 cookies Thabo has 8 cookies in total.

Commentary: This question reinforces the link between repeated addition and multiplication with a small, manageable number. It allows the student to directly translate one representation to the other.

Question 2: Sarah has 10 crayons and wants to share them equally between 2 friends. How many crayons will each friend get? Show this as repeated subtraction and as a division number sentence.

Solution: Repeated subtraction: 10 - 2 = 8 8 - 2 = 6 6 - 2 = 4 4 - 2 = 2 2 - 2 = 0 We subtracted 2 five times.

Division: 10 ÷ 2 = 5 crayons each Each friend will get 5 crayons.

Commentary: This question introduces the concept of division as repeated subtraction and allows the student to work through the process of sharing equally step-by-step.

Question 3: Draw a picture to show 3 x

3. What is the answer?

Solution: (Draw three groups of three of any object, for instance, three groups of three circles each.) 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 3 x 3 = 9 The answer is

9. Commentary: This question encourages visual representation, strengthening understanding. Students can use any objects they like (e.g., circles, stars, sweets) to represent the groups.

Question 4: Lebo has 16 beads. She wants to make 4 bracelets with an equal number of beads on each bracelet. How many beads will go on each bracelet? Show this as a division number sentence. Then solve it by repeated subtraction.

Solution: Division number sentence: 16 ÷ 4 = ?

Repeated subtraction: 16 - 4 = 12 12 - 4 = 8 8 - 4 = 4 4 - 4 = 0 We subtracted 4 four times. 16 ÷ 4 = 4 Each bracelet will have 4 beads.

Commentary: This question combines the understanding of writing a division number sentence with solving it by repeated subtraction. Independent Practice (Questions Only) Nomsa has 5 packets of chips. Each packet has 4 chips in it. How many chips does Nomsa have in total? Write this as a multiplication sentence. There are 12 children in a class.