Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2
Multiplication and division as repeated addition/subtraction – Week 6 focus
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Multiplication and division as repeated addition/subtraction – Week 6 focus
Download the Lessonotes Mobile South Africa app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Mathematics
Class: Grade 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 6
Theme: General lesson support
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This week, we're going to explore multiplication and division, but in a fun and easy way! We'll learn how they are really just shortcuts for repeated addition and repeated subtraction. Imagine you are helping your mom or dad pack oranges for your family to take to a picnic or the beach. You need to make sure everyone gets the same amount of oranges. This is where multiplication and division come in handy! Understanding these concepts helps us share fairly, count things quickly, and solve everyday problems. This is an important foundation for all the math you'll learn in the future!
Multiplication as Repeated Addition Multiplication is a quick way of adding the same number over and over. Imagine you have 3 friends, and each friend needs 2 apples. Instead of adding 2 + 2 + 2, we can say 3 groups of 2, which is written as 3 x
2. The 'x' symbol means "times" or "groups of." Example 1: Nomusa wants to give each of her 4 dolls 3 sweets. How many sweets does she need in total?
We need to add 3 sweets four times: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 This is the same as saying 4 groups of 3, or 4 x 3 4 x 3 =
1
2. Nomusa needs 12 sweets. Why? We are finding the total number of sweets when there are 4 groups, each containing 3 sweets.
Example 2: Bongani has 5 cars. Each car has 4 wheels. How many wheels are there in total?
We need to add 4 wheels five times: 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 This is the same as saying 5 groups of 4, or 5 x 4 5 x 4 =
2
0. There are 20 wheels in total. How? Each '4' represents the wheels on one car. We are adding the wheels of all 5 cars. We can use our knowledge of the 5 times table here.
Example 3: Representing 2 x 5 using dots: Imagine we are planting mealies (corn). We plant 2 rows of mealies and in each row, we plant 5 mealies. How many mealies have we planted? Draw 2 rows In each row, draw 5 dots: ``` Row 1: . . . . .
Row 2: . . . . . ``` Count all the dots: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 So, 2 x 5 =
1
0. We have planted 10 mealies. Division as Repeated Subtraction Division is like sharing things equally. It's also like asking how many times one number can fit into another. We can think of it as repeatedly taking away the same amount until we reach zero. Imagine you have 10 biscuits and you want to give 2 biscuits to each of your friends. How many friends can you share with? This is division! The '÷' symbol means "divided by." Example 1: You have 15 sweets and you want to give 5 sweets to each child. How many children can get sweets?
Start with 15 sweets: 15 Give 5 sweets to the first child: 15 - 5 = 10 Give 5 sweets to the second child: 10 - 5 = 5 Give 5 sweets to the third child: 5 - 5 = 0 We subtracted 5 three times to reach zero. This means 15 ÷ 5 =
3. Three children can get sweets. Why? Each subtraction represents giving sweets to one child.
Example 2: You have 20 marbles and want to put them into groups of
1
0. How many groups will you have?
Start with 20 marbles: 20 Make the first group: 20 - 10 = 10 Make the second group: 10 - 10 = 0 We subtracted 10 two times to reach zero. This means 20 ÷ 10 =
2. You will have 2 groups. How? We are repeatedly taking away groups of 10 marbles until there are no marbles left. The number of times we subtract tells us the number of groups.
Example 3: You have 8 pencils and you want to share them equally between 2 learners. How many pencils will each learner get? Start with 8 pencils.
Give 1 pencil to learner 1: 8 - 1 = 7 Give 1 pencil to learner 2: 7 - 1 = 6 Give 1 pencil to learner 1: 6 - 1 = 5 Give 1 pencil to learner 2: 5 - 1 = 4 Give 1 pencil to learner 1: 4 - 1 = 3 Give 1 pencil to learner 2: 3 - 1 = 2 Give 1 pencil to learner 1: 2 - 1 = 1 Give 1 pencil to learner 2: 1 - 1 = 0 We gave 4 pencils to each learner, using repeated subtraction. So, 8 ÷ 2 =
4. Relationship Between Multiplication and Division Multiplication and division are opposites! If we know that 3 x 2 = 6, then we also know that 6 ÷ 2 = 3 and 6 ÷ 3 =
2. They undo each other.
Example: If 5 x 2 = 10 (5 groups of 2 is 10), then 10 ÷ 2 = 5 (10 shared into groups of 2 gives 5 groups) and 10 ÷ 5 = 2 (10 shared into groups of 5 gives 2 groups). Guided Practice (With Solutions)
Question 1: Lindiwe has 3 bags of oranges. Each bag has 5 oranges. How many oranges does Lindiwe have in total? (Use repeated addition to solve)
Solution: Repeated addition: 5 + 5 + 5 This means 3 groups of 5, or 3 x 5 3 x 5 = 15 Lindiwe has 15 oranges in total.
Commentary: We used repeated addition to find the total number of oranges. Each '5' represents the number of oranges in one bag.
Question 2: Thabo has 12 sweets and wants to share them equally among 4 friends. How many sweets will each friend get? (Use repeated subtraction to solve)
Solution: Start with 12 sweets: 12 Give 1 sweet to friend 1, 1 to friend 2, 1 to friend 3 and 1 to friend 4: 12 - 4 = 8 Repeat: 8 - 4 = 4 Repeat: 4 - 4 = 0 We subtracted 4 three times to reach zero. This means 12 ÷ 4 = 3 Each friend will get 3 sweets.
Commentary: We repeatedly subtracted the number of friends from the total number of sweets until we reached zero. Each subtraction represents giving each friend one sweet. The number of times we subtracted tells us how many sweets each friend got.
Question 3: Represent 4 x 2 using a drawing.
Solution: Draw 4 groups of 2 objects (e.g., circles). ``` Group 1: O O Group 2: O O Group 3: O O Group 4: O O ``` Count the total number of circles: 8 Therefore, 4 x 2 = 8
Commentary: The drawing visually represents the concept of multiplication as repeated addition. Each group represents one addend in the repeated addition problem (2 + 2 + 2 + 2).