Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 1

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Add two numbers using objects and drawings (0-34)
• Subtract numbers using objects and drawings (0-34)
• Solve simple addition and subtraction word problems
• Use the '+' and '-' signs correctly
• Understand how addition and subtraction are opposites

Lesson summary

Welcome, Grade 1 learners! This week, we're continuing our adventure with numbers, focusing on numbers from 0 to

3

4. We'll be learning how to add and subtract these numbers in different ways, and we'll use these skills to solve fun problems! Understanding how to add and subtract is super important because we use it every day – when sharing sweets with friends, buying snacks at the tuck shop, or even counting how many toys we have. This knowledge builds a strong foundation for more complex math later on. Imagine you want to buy two packets of chips at the spaza shop, one costing R5 and the other costing R

7. You need to know how to add to figure out if you have enough money!

Lesson notes

This week, we're focusing on addition and subtraction within the numbers 0 to

3

4. Remember that addition means putting things together, and subtraction means taking things away. Addition (+) When we add, we are finding the total or the sum. The plus sign (+) tells us to add. Let's think about what happens when we add objects together.

Example 1: Zanele has 12 marbles, and her friend Sipho gives her 5 more marbles. How many marbles does Zanele have now?

We can write this as a number sentence: 12 + 5 = ? To solve this, we can use counters (like bottle tops or beans). First, count out 12 counters. Then, count out 5 more counters. Now, put all the counters together and count them. You should have 17 counters. So, 12 + 5 =

1

7. Zanele now has 17 marbles.

Example 2: A farmer plants 21 mielies (corn) seedlings on Monday and 8 mielies seedlings on Tuesday. How many mielies seedlings did the farmer plant in total?

Number sentence: 21 + 8 = ?

Break down the numbers: 21 is made of 20 +

1. Add the ones: 1 + 8 = 9 Add the tens: 20 + 9 =

2

9. So, 21 + 8 =

2

9. The farmer planted 29 mielies seedlings.

Important Idea: The order in which we add doesn't change the answer. For example, 5 + 3 = 8, and 3 + 5 =

8. This is called the commutative property of addition. Subtraction (-) When we subtract, we are finding the difference. The minus sign (-) tells us to subtract. Subtraction is the opposite of addition.

Example 1: Thabo has 25 rand. He spends 10 rand on sweets. How much money does Thabo have left?

We can write this as a number sentence: 25 - 10 = ? We can use a number line to help us. Start at 25 on the number line. Because we are subtracting 10, we move 10 spaces to the left. You will land on

1

5. So, 25 - 10 =

1

5. Thabo has 15 rand left.

Example 2: Maria baked 32 cookies for her class. The children ate 11 cookies. How many cookies are left?

Number sentence: 32 - 11 = ?

Break down the numbers: 32 = 30 + 2, and 11 = 10 + 1 Subtract the ones: 2 - 1 = 1 Subtract the tens: 30 - 10 = 20 Add the remaining tens and ones: 20 + 1 = 21 So, 32 - 11 =

2

1. There are 21 cookies left.

Important Idea: Subtraction is not commutative. That means 5 - 3 is not the same as 3 - 5. 5-3=2, while 3-5 is something you'll learn about in older grades (it gives a negative number). Relationship between Addition and Subtraction Addition and subtraction are like opposites! One "undoes" the other. This is very important.

Example: If we know that 7 + 4 = 11, then we also know that 11 - 4 = 7 and 11 - 7 =

4. Using this idea to check our work: If we calculate 18 - 5 = 13, we can check our answer by adding 13 +

5. If we get 18, we know our subtraction was correct. Guided Practice (With Solutions) Let's practice these skills together!

Question 1: Nomsa has 15 apples. She gives 6 apples to her friend. How many apples does Nomsa have left? Write the number sentence.

Solution: Number sentence: 15 - 6 = ? Use counters or draw 15 circles. Cross out 6 of them.

Count the circles that are left: 9 Answer: 15 - 6 =

9. Nomsa has 9 apples left.

Question 2: Jabu has 8 toy cars. His brother gives him 7 more toy cars. How many toy cars does Jabu have in total? Write the number sentence.

Solution: Number sentence: 8 + 7 = ? Use counters or draw 8 circles. Then draw 7 more circles.

Count all the circles: 15 Answer: 8 + 7 =

1

5. Jabu has 15 toy cars in total.

Question 3: A shopkeeper has 28 sweets. He sells 13 sweets. How many sweets are left? Write the number sentence.

Solution: Number sentence: 28 - 13 = ?

Break down the numbers: 28 = 20 + 8, and 13 = 10 + 3 Subtract the ones: 8 - 3 = 5 Subtract the tens: 20 - 10 = 10 Add the remaining tens and ones: 10 + 5 = 15 Answer: 28 - 13 =

1

5. There are 15 sweets left.

Question 4: What number is 5 more than 17? Write the number sentence.

Solution: Number sentence: 17 + 5 = ? Break down 5 into 3 and

2. Add 3 to 17 to get

2

0. Add the remaining 2 to 20. 20 + 2 = 22 Answer: 17 + 5 = 22 Independent Practice (Questions Only) Now it's your turn to practice on your own! Sarah has 11 beads. She finds 9 more beads. How many beads does she have in total? Write the number sentence. David has 23 marbles. He gives 8 marbles to his sister. How many marbles does David have left? Write the number sentence. There are 16 birds sitting on a tree. 7 birds fly away. How many birds are left on the tree? Write the number sentence. What number is 6 less than 20? Write the number sentence. A baker baked 25 loaves of bread. He sold 14 loaves. How many loaves of bread are left? Write the number sentence. John has 9 stickers. Thandi has 12 stickers. How many stickers do they have altogether? Write the number sentence. Samkelo had 34 rand. He spent 12 rand on a cool drink. How much money does Samkelo have left? Write the number sentence. Thembi collected 18 seashells at the beach. She gave 5 to her friend. How many seashells does Thembi have now? What is 15 + 9? What is 30 - 7?