Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 1

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Add numbers within 10 using objects.
• Subtract numbers within 10 using drawings or number lines.
• Use the plus (+) and minus (-) signs.
• Explain what addition and subtraction mean.
• Solve simple word problems.

Lesson summary

This week, we will continue our exciting journey into the world of numbers, focusing on addition and subtraction within

1

0. Being able to add and subtract small numbers is a crucial skill that helps us solve everyday problems, from sharing sweets with friends to counting our toys. In South Africa, we use these skills when we buy airtime at the spaza shop, share food with our family, and even when we play games like diketo! Understanding addition and subtraction within 10 provides a strong foundation for more complex mathematical concepts you'll learn in the future.

Lesson notes

What is Addition? Addition means putting things together or combining groups. When we add, we get a bigger number. We use the "+" (plus) sign to show addition. For example, 2 + 3 means "2 add 3". The answer we get when we add is called the sum or the total.

Example 1: Imagine you have 3 mangoes. Your friend gives you 2 more mangoes. How many mangoes do you have in total?

We can write this as: 3 mangoes + 2 mangoes = ? mangoes To solve this, we can count: "One, two, three... four, five." So, 3 + 2 =

5. You have 5 mangoes in total.

Example 2: Let's use counters. We have 4 red counters and 1 blue counter. How many counters do we have altogether?

We can arrange the counters: ●●●● ○ Now, count all the counters: "One, two, three, four, five." So, 4 + 1 =

5. We have 5 counters altogether. What is Subtraction? Subtraction means taking away or removing things from a group. When we subtract, we get a smaller number. We use the "-" (minus) sign to show subtraction. For example, 5 - 2 means "5 take away 2". The answer we get when we subtract is called the difference.

Example 1: You have 6 apples. You give 2 apples to your cousin. How many apples do you have left?

We can write this as: 6 apples - 2 apples = ? apples To solve this, we can start with 6 apples and take away 2: "One, two, three, four, five, six." Now take away "one, two." How many are left? "One, two, three, four." So, 6 - 2 =

4. You have 4 apples left.

Example 2: Let's use a number line. We start at 8 and want to subtract 3 (8 - 3).

Draw a number line from 0 to 10: 0---1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---10 Start at the number

8. Now, jump back 3 spaces: "One, two, three." Where do we land? We land on

5. So, 8 - 3 =

5. Important

Note: The Order Matters in Subtraction! In subtraction, the order of the numbers is very important. 5 - 2 is not the same as 2 -

5. In Grade 1, we will only be working with subtraction problems where the first number is bigger than the second number (because we can't take away more than we have!). Understanding Number Sentences A number sentence uses numbers and symbols (+, - , =) to show a mathematical idea.

For example: 3 + 4 = 7 (This is an addition number sentence) 9 - 2 = 7 (This is a subtraction number sentence) Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: You have 2 oranges. Your grandmother gives you 3 more oranges. How many oranges do you have in total? Write the number sentence.

Solution: We need to find the total number of oranges, so we need to add.

Number sentence: 2 + 3 = ?

Count: "One, two... three, four, five." Answer: 2 + 3 =

5. You have 5 oranges in total.

Question 2: There are 7 birds sitting on a wire. 4 birds fly away. How many birds are left on the wire? Draw a picture to help you.

Solution: We need to find out how many birds are left, so we need to subtract. We start with 7 birds and take away

4. You can draw 7 birds, and then cross out 4 of them.

Number sentence: 7 - 4 = ?

Count the remaining birds: "One, two, three." Answer: 7 - 4 =

3. There are 3 birds left on the wire.

Question 3: Complete the number sentence: 5 + ___ = 8 Solution: We know we start with 5 and need to get to

8. We need to figure out what number to add to 5 to reach

8. We can use our fingers. Start with 5 fingers up. Keep adding fingers until you reach

8. How many more fingers did you add? (Three)

Answer: 5 + 3 = 8 Question 4: Complete the number sentence: ___ - 2 = 6 Solution: Think: What number, when we take away 2, leaves us with 6? We can work backwards. If we have 6 after taking away 2, we can add 2 back to 6 to find the starting number. 6 + 2 = 8 Answer: 8 - 2 = 6 Independent Practice (Questions Only) 4 + 2 = ? 9 - 3 = ? 1 + 6 = ? 7 - 5 = ? 3 + 5 = ? 10 - 4 = ? 6 + 0 = ? 8 - 8 = ?

Complete the number sentence: 2 + ___ = 6 Complete the number sentence: ___ - 1 = 4