Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 3
BONDING
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BONDING
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Subject: Chemistry
Class: SHS 3
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 9
Grade code: 1.2.2.LI.3
Strand code: 2
Sub-strand code: 2
Content standard code: 1.2.2.CS.1
Indicator code: 1.2.2.LI.3
Theme: SYSTEMATIC CHEMISTRY OF THE ELEMENTS
Subtheme: BONDING
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Good day, students. Look around you. The window frames are likely made of aluminium. The roofing sheets on our buildings are made of a metal alloy. The cooking pot (dadesen) used to make our banku or jollof rice is made of metal. The beautiful jewellery our mothers and chiefs wear is made of gold. All these are possible because of a special type of chemical bond found only in metals, called the metallic bond. Today, we will explore what this bond is, how it forms, and why it gives metals their unique and useful properties that are so important in our daily lives in Ghana.
A. What is Metallic Bonding? The "Electron Sea" Model
Before we dive in, let's remember what makes an element a metal. Metals are elements (like Sodium, Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Gold) that typically have: Few valence electrons (1, 2, or 3). Low ionisation energies (it's easy to remove their valence electrons).
Because they don't hold onto their valence electrons very tightly, when metal atoms pack closely together in a solid, they do something unique. Instead of transferring electrons (like in ionic bonding) or sharing them with a specific neighbour (like in covalent bonding), they release their valence electrons into a shared pool.
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between a lattice of positive metal ions (cations) and a "sea" of delocalised valence electrons.