Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 3
Manufacturing Processes
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Manufacturing Processes
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Subject: Manufacturing Engineering
Class: SHS 3
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 5
Grade code: 2.3.2.LI.2
Strand code: 3
Sub-strand code: 2
Content standard code: 2.3.2.CS.2
Indicator code: 2.3.2.LI.2
Theme: Manufacturing tools, equipment and processes
Subtheme: Manufacturing Processes
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Welcome, students. Today, we are exploring one of the most fundamental skills in all of manufacturing and engineering: joining things together. Look around you. The chair you are sitting on, the windows in this classroom, the cars on the road, and the very building we are in—all are made from smaller parts that have been assembled. How we join these parts determines if they can be taken apart for repair (like changing a tyre on a car) or if they are meant to stay together forever (like a metal gate). Mastering these processes is key for anyone wanting to build, create, or repair things, from a simple wooden box to complex machinery.
In manufacturing, we rarely make a product in one single piece. We create individual parts and then assemble them. The methods we use for assembly are called joining processes. These are broadly classified into two categories.
A. Non-Permanent Joints
These are joints that can be disassembled without damaging the components. They are used when parts may need to be replaced, maintained, or adjusted. The most common non-permanent fasteners are screws, bolts, and nuts.
i. Screws A screw is a fastener with a threaded shank and a head. It is designed to be turned into a material. The threads cut their own path into softer materials (like wood) or fit into a pre-tapped (threaded) hole in harder materials (like metal). Parts of a Screw: Head: The top part that allows a tool (like a screwdriver or spanner) to turn it. Common heads in Ghana are Slotted (Flat-head), Phillips (Star), and Hexagonal (Hex-head). Shank: The smooth, unthreaded part of the screw below the head. Thread: The helical ridge that winds around the screw, allowing it to grip the material. Types of Screws: Wood Screws: Have a coarse thread and a tapered point to easily enter wood. Machine Screws: Have a fine, uniform thread and a flat point. They are used to join metal parts, often by screwing into a pre-threaded hole.