Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 3
ATOMIC PHYSICS
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ATOMIC PHYSICS
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Subject: Physics
Class: SHS 3
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 19
Grade code: 3.4.1.LI.4
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: 3.4.1.CS.1
Indicator code: 3.4.1.LI.4
Theme: ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Subtheme: ATOMIC PHYSICS
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This lesson explores the practical and widespread applications of X-rays, a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. While we have learned about their production and properties, this lesson focuses on how these properties are harnessed to solve real-world problems in Ghana and across the globe. From seeing broken bones in a clinic in Accra to ensuring the safety of travellers at Kotoka International Airport, X-rays are a vital, unseen part of modern life. Understanding their applications helps us appreciate the link between abstract physics concepts and tangible technological advancements.
A. Brief Recap: What are X-rays?
Before we discuss their applications, let's remember the key properties of X-rays that make them so useful: High Penetrating Power: They are high-energy electromagnetic waves that can pass through soft tissues and low-density materials but are stopped or absorbed by denser materials like bones and metals. Effect on Photographic Film/Digital Detectors: X-rays cause a chemical change in photographic film or generate a signal in a digital detector, creating an image. Ionisation: They can knock electrons out of atoms, a property used in cancer therapy but also the reason why overexposure is dangerous. Travel in Straight Lines: Like light, they travel rectilinearly, which allows for the formation of sharp shadow images.
The fundamental principle behind most X-ray applications is differential absorption. This means different materials absorb X-rays to different extents. B. Major Sectors and Applications of X-rays
We will explore four main sectors: Medicine, Security, Industry, and Scientific Research/Art. Sector 1: Medicine and Healthcare