Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 3
BASIC PHYSICS
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BASIC PHYSICS
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Subject: Physics
Class: SHS 3
Term: 1st Term
Week: 2
Grade code: 3.1.1.LI.3
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: 3.1.1.CS.1
Indicator code: 3.1.1.LI.3
Theme: MECHANICS AND MATTER
Subtheme: BASIC PHYSICS
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This lesson explores the fundamental principles of equilibrium. We see equilibrium all around us in Ghana – from a *kayayo* skillfully balancing a large load on her head, to the Adomi Bridge standing strong over the Volta River, to a simple sign hanging outside a provision shop. Understanding equilibrium is crucial because it explains how objects can remain stationary and stable under the influence of various forces. This knowledge is the foundation of architecture, civil engineering, and even simple daily tasks like carrying a bucket of water or riding a bicycle.
A. What is Equilibrium?
In physics, an object is said to be in equilibrium when it is in a state of balance. This means there is no change in its state of motion. An object in equilibrium is not accelerating; its velocity is constant.
There are two main types of equilibrium: Static Equilibrium: The object is completely at rest (velocity is zero). Example: A book resting on a table, a building, a hanging sign. Most of our problems will deal with static equilibrium. Dynamic Equilibrium: The object is moving at a constant velocity (zero acceleration). Example: A car moving at a steady 80 km/h on a straight highway, a parachutist falling at a constant terminal velocity.
For an object to be in equilibrium, it must satisfy two crucial conditions.