Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 3
MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
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MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
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Subject: Chemistry
Class: SHS 3
Term: 1st Term
Week: 15
Grade code: 1.1.1.LI.5
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: 1.1.1.CS.2
Indicator code: 1.1.1.LI.5
Theme: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Subtheme: MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
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This lesson introduces one of the most fundamental concepts in Chemistry: the mole. Just as a market woman sells oranges by the dozen, or a farmer sells maize by the bag, chemists need a convenient way to count vast numbers of atoms and molecules. The mole is our special "chemist's dozen." We will explore what the mole is, how to use it in calculations, and apply this knowledge to a very important practical skill: preparing solutions of a precise, known concentration, known as standard solutions. This skill is vital in medicine, food production, and scientific research right here in Ghana, from our hospitals to our beverage factories.
This section breaks down the core content of the lesson. Part A: The Mole Concept
(i) What is a Mole? Think about these units we use every day: 1 pair of shoes = 2 shoes 1 dozen of eggs = 12 eggs 1 crate of minerals = 24 bottles
Atoms, molecules, and ions are incredibly small and numerous. We cannot count them one by one. So, chemists created a unit called the mole to count them in groups.
Definition: The mole (symbol: mol) is the amount of a substance that contains exactly 6.02 x 10²³ elementary entities (e.g., atoms, molecules, ions). This massive number is called Avogadro's Constant (L). 1 mole of Carbon atoms contains 6.02 x 10²³ Carbon atoms. 1 mole of water (H₂O) molecules contains 6.02 x 10²³ water molecules.