Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
SUBSTRUCTURE AND SUPERSTRUCTURE
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SUBSTRUCTURE AND SUPERSTRUCTURE
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Subject: Applied Technology
Class: SHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 4
Grade code: 2.3.2.LI.3
Strand code: 3
Sub-strand code: 2
Content standard code: 2.3.2.CS.2
Indicator code: 2.3.2.LI.3
Theme: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Subtheme: SUBSTRUCTURE AND SUPERSTRUCTURE
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Welcome, future builders and innovators! Look around our classroom. Look at your homes, the market, the church, or the mosque. What are two of the most important features you see in every single building? Doors and windows! They are much more than just openings. They provide us with security, let in the beautiful Ghanaian sunshine, allow fresh air to cool us down, and give our buildings character. In today's lesson, we will explore the world of doors and windows, understanding their parts, types, functions, and the materials used to create them right here in Ghana. This knowledge is essential not just for those who want to build, but for everyone who lives in a building.
This section breaks down everything you need to know about doors, windows, and their frames. Part 1: What are Doors, Windows, and Frames?
A. The Door A door is a movable barrier, usually on hinges or rollers, installed in an opening in a wall to allow people to enter and exit a building or a room. Key Components of a Door: Door Panel/Leaf: This is the main, wide, flat part of the door that swings or slides open and closed. Frame: The fixed structure around the door that holds it in place. We will discuss this more below. Hardware (Ironmongery): These are the metal fittings that make the door work. Examples include: Hinges: Allow the door to swing open and closed. Lock & Latch: Secure the door. Handle/Knob: Used to open the door.
B. The Window A window is an opening in a wall or roof of a building, fitted with glass (glazing) or another transparent material, to let in light and air. Key Components of a Window: Frame: The outer, fixed structure of the window that is built into the wall. Sash: The part of the window that holds the glass and moves. In a sliding window, the sash slides. In a casement window, the sash swings. Glazing: The sheet of glass within the sash. Hardware: Includes handles, locks, and mechanisms for opening and closing.
C. The Frame The frame is the stationary timber or metal structure that is fixed into the wall opening to support the door or window. It is the backbone of the entire assembly. Parts of a Frame: Head: The top horizontal piece of the frame. Jambs: The two vertical side pieces of the frame. Sill: The bottom horizontal piece of a window frame. Threshold: The bottom piece of a door frame that you step over.