Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2

Lesson Video

This page supports the lesson note with a companion video and a short classroom-ready summary.

For class groups and homework, share this lesson page so learners also get the summary, objectives, and full lesson context.

Performance objectives

• Define key statistical terms like mean, median, mode, and range.
• Collect, organize, and analyze data.
• Present statistical findings using tools like PowerPoint and infographics.
• Understand the importance of statistics in real life.

Lesson summary

Good day, class. In our previous lessons, we learned how to collect, organise, and analyse data. We calculated the mean, drew histograms, and found correlations. But what is the point of all that hard work if we cannot share what we have found? Today's lesson is about the final, and perhaps most important, step in any statistical project: communicating our findings. Imagine you are a lawyer. You have gathered all the evidence (your data), but you must present it to the judge and jury (your audience) in a clear and persuasive way to win your case. In the same way, statistical reasoning is not just about numbers; it's about telling a convincing story with those numbers.

Lesson notes

The main goal of presenting statistical findings is to answer the question, "So what?" Why does this data matter? We will break this down into three parts: Structuring your story, Choosing your tools, and Crafting your message. Part A: The Structure of a Statistical Project Report

A good report follows a logical structure that anyone can understand. Think of it like a formal letter. It has specific parts, each with a purpose. Introduction: What was the problem? State the topic you investigated and why it is important. What did you want to find out? State your research question(s) or objective(s). *Example:* "This project investigates the preferred learning methods (online vs. in-person) among SHS 2 students at Accra Academy. The objective is to provide recommendations to teachers on how to improve lesson delivery." Methodology: How did you do it? Describe the steps you took to collect your data. Who did you ask? Define your population and sample size (e.g., "a random sample of 60 students from the SHS 2 population"). What tool did you use? Mention your data collection instrument (e.g., "a questionnaire with 5 questions was used"). Results / Findings: What did you find? Present the key data clearly. This is where you use your charts, graphs, and tables. Important: Do NOT explain the results here, just present them objectively. *Example:* "Figure 1 shows that 70% of students surveyed (42 out of 60) preferred in-person learning, while 25% preferred online, and 5% had no preference." (You would then show the actual bar chart or pie chart). Discussion / Conclusion: What does it mean? This is the "So what?" section. Explain your results. Why do you think you got these results? Relate your findings back to your original research question. *Example:* "The strong preference for in-person learning suggests that students value direct interaction with teachers and peers. This could be due to challenges with internet connectivity at home or the lack of a quiet study environment, which were common themes in the open-ended comments." Recommendations: What should be done now? Based on your conclusion, suggest specific, practical actions. Who should take these actions? (e.g., School Administration, SRC, Students). *Example:* "Based on our findings, we recommend that: The school administration should prioritise face-to-face tutorials for difficult topics. Teachers could explore a hybrid model where online resources are used to supplement, not replace, in-person classes." Part B: Choosing the Right Presentation Format

The way you present your findings depends on your audience and your goal.

| Format | Description | Best For | Ghanaian Context Example | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Written Report | A detailed, text-heavy document (MS Word, handwritten). Formal and comprehensive. | Submitting to a teacher for grading; official records for the Headmaster. | A full report on "Causes of Littering on Campus" for the School Board. | | PowerPoint Presentation | A series of visual slides with key points, charts, and images. Spoken delivery. | Presenting to the class, a school club, or the PTA. Engaging a live audience. | An SRC candidate presenting their plan to improve school sanitation at a school assembly. | | Infographic | A single, visually rich image that combines charts, icons, and minimal text to tell a story. | Sharing on social media (School's Facebook page), school magazines, posters on notice boards. | A poster for the "Junior Graphic" or a school notice board showing key facts about water conservation on campus. | Part C: Worked Example - A Mini-Project

Evaluation guide

• Present a project report including the use of Power Point , infographics, etc. and publish it
• in school magazines, newspapers (Junior Graphic), local radio and TV stations, social
• media platforms, etc.
• Experiential Learning ,

Reference guide

• : Whiteboard/Chalkboard, Markers/Chalk, A4 Paper, Sample Infographics (printed or digital), Computer with MS PowerPoint and MS Word (if available), Projector.
• Overview and Learning Objectives
• Overview
• Good day, class. In our previous lessons, we learned how to collect, organise, and analyse data. We calculated the mean, drew histograms, and found correlations. But what is the point of all that hard work if we cannot share what we have found? Today's lesson is about the final, and perhaps most important, step in any statistical project: communicating our findings.
• Imagine you are a lawyer. You have gathered all the evidence (your data), but you must present it to the judge and jury (your audience) in a clear and persuasive way to win your case. In the same way, statistical reasoning is not just about numbers; it's about telling a convincing story with those numbers. This skill is vital for many professions in Ghana – from journalists at Joy FM reporting on the economy, to health workers from the Ghana Health Service explaining vaccination data, to business owners trying to convince investors. Today, we will learn how to turn our data into a powerful report and presentation that people can understand and act upon.
• Learning Objectives