Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
Health and Wellness
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Health and Wellness
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Subject: Physical Education Health Core
Class: SHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 17
Grade code: 3.1.3.LI.3
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 3
Content standard code: 3.1.3.CS.2
Indicator code: 3.1.3.LI.3
Theme: Physical Activity and Health
Subtheme: Health and Wellness
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In Ghana, sports like football, athletics, volleyball, and even traditional games like "Ampe" are a vibrant part of our school and community life. From the excitement of the annual Inter-Colleges Athletics Competition (Inter-Co) to a simple game of football on a community park, physical activity is essential for our health. However, with activity comes the risk of injury. This lesson will introduce the concept of sports injuries, exploring what they are, what causes them, and how to recognise the different types. Understanding this is the first and most important step towards preventing injuries and knowing how to respond when they happen to ourselves or others.
This section provides the core knowledge for the lesson. It is designed to be taught interactively, with the teacher explaining, asking questions, and using the board or projector. A. What is a Sports Injury? (The Concept)
A sports injury is any damage to the body that occurs as a result of participating in sports, exercise, or any form of physical activity. These injuries can happen suddenly (acute) or develop over time (chronic). Acute Injuries: Occur suddenly, like a sprained ankle or a broken arm. They are often caused by a specific impact or awkward movement. *Example:* A footballer tackles an opponent and immediately feels a sharp pain in their knee. Chronic Injuries: Develop gradually over a long period due to repetitive stress or motion on a particular body part. They are also known as overuse injuries. *Example:* A long-distance runner from the school athletics team develops a persistent pain in their shin (shin splints) after weeks of training on a hard surface. B. Common Causes of Sports Injuries
We can group the causes of injuries into two main categories: Intrinsic Factors (Internal Factors - Related to the individual): Poor Fitness/Conditioning: Muscles that are weak or not flexible enough are more prone to injury. Improper Warm-up and Cool-down: A warm-up prepares the body for activity, while a cool-down helps it recover. Skipping these increases risk. Muscle Imbalance: When one muscle group is much stronger than its opposing group (e.g., strong quadriceps but weak hamstrings), it can lead to strains. Previous Injury: An area that has been injured before is often weaker and more susceptible to re-injury if not fully rehabilitated. Age and Body Composition: Both very young and older athletes can be more vulnerable to certain injuries. Extrinsic Factors (External Factors - Related to the environment or equipment): Poor Technique/Form: Using incorrect technique in a sport (e.g., lifting weights with a bent back, landing awkwardly after a jump in basketball) puts unnecessary stress on the body. Inadequate Equipment: Wearing the wrong footwear (e.g., "chalewote" for football), using worn-out equipment, or not using protective gear (like shin guards) is a major cause. Unsafe Environment: Playing on uneven, slippery, or overly hard surfaces. For example, many community football pitches ("sakora" parks) in Ghana are dry and uneven, increasing the risk of ankle sprains. Overtraining: Pushing the body too hard without enough rest for recovery leads to fatigue and overuse injuries. Direct Impact/Collision: This is common in contact sports like football, rugby, or boxing. C. Types of Sports Injuries and How They Manifest (Signs and Symptoms)
It is important to know the difference between a sign and a symptom: A Sign is an objective indication of an injury that can be seen or measured by someone else (e.g., swelling, bleeding, deformity). A Symptom is a subjective experience that the injured person feels (e.g., pain, nausea, dizziness).