Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
AGRIBUSINESS MANGEMENT
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AGRIBUSINESS MANGEMENT
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Subject: Agriculture
Class: SHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 17
Grade code: 2.5.3.LI.3
Strand code: 5
Sub-strand code: 3
Content standard code: 2.5.3.CS.1
Indicator code: 2.5.3.LI.3
Theme: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRIBUSINESS AND COMMUNICATION
Subtheme: AGRIBUSINESS MANGEMENT
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Welcome, students! Today, we are moving beyond seeing farming as just planting and harvesting. We will explore farming as a serious business—an agribusiness. Just like a shopkeeper in Makola market must know how much they spend and how much they make, a successful farmer must do the same. The key to this success is record keeping. Proper records help a farmer make smart decisions, get loans from banks like the Agricultural Development Bank (ADB), and grow their farm into a profitable enterprise. This lesson will equip you with the knowledge to manage a farm effectively, whether it's a small backyard poultry project or a large cocoa plantation.
A. What are Farm Records?
Farm records are the systematic and written accounts of all activities, events, and transactions that happen on a farm over a period of time. Think of it as the farm's diary or report card. It is not just about writing things down; it is about organising information so it can be used to make better decisions. B. Importance of Farm Records
Why should a busy farmer spend time writing things down? *(This is a good point for a Think-Pair-Share activity. Ask learners to brainstorm in pairs for 2 minutes before sharing with the class.)*
Here are the key reasons: Decision Making: Records show what works and what doesn't. A farmer can see which crop variety gives the highest yield or which animal is not productive (e.g., a hen that rarely lays eggs) and should be culled. Securing Loans: Banks and financial institutions in Ghana (like ADB, NIB, or Rural Banks) will NOT give a loan to a farmer who cannot show evidence of their farm's performance. Good records serve as this proof. Measuring Profitability: Records are the only way to accurately calculate if the farm is making a profit or a loss. You can compare income (money in) with expenditure (money out). Farm Planning and Budgeting: By looking at records from previous years, a farmer can plan for the next season. They can estimate how much seed, fertilizer, and labour will be needed and budget for it. Tax Assessment: For larger commercial farms, the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) requires records to calculate the correct amount of tax to be paid. Settling Disputes: Records of land boundaries, ownership of livestock, or sales agreements can help settle disputes within families or communities. C. Types of Farm Records