Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
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AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
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Subject: Agriculture
Class: SHS 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 6
Grade code: 2.1.2.LI.2
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 2
Content standard code: 2.1.2.CS.2
Indicator code: 2.1.2.LI.2
Theme: CONCEPT OF AGRICULTURE IN AN INDUSTRIA LIZING SOCIETY
Subtheme: AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
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This lesson explores the exciting and vital link between the animals we raise on our farms and the products we use every day. We often think of animals providing just meat, milk, or eggs. However, nearly every part of an animal, including parts we might consider 'waste', can be transformed into valuable industrial products. This transformation creates jobs, grows our economy, and promotes a more sustainable environment by turning waste into wealth. Understanding this connection is crucial for any student of agriculture in a developing nation like Ghana, as it highlights opportunities for entrepreneurship and industrial growth.
This section breaks down the core ideas you need to understand the topic fully. A. Definition of Key Terms Raw Material: This is the primary, unprocessed product obtained directly from an animal, which serves as the main input for an industry. Examples: Fresh milk, raw hides and skins, live poultry, wool. By-product: A secondary product that is obtained during the processing of a primary product. By-products have significant economic value. Example: Tallow (fat) is a by-product of meat processing. Waste Material: These are materials that are often discarded after the primary processing of an animal product. However, with technology, these 'wastes' can be converted into useful industrial products. Examples: Blood, bones, manure, feathers, hooves. Agro-based Industry: A factory or enterprise that uses agricultural products (from crops or animals) as its main raw material for processing. Example: A leather factory is an agro-based industry. B. Raw Materials from Animal Production and their Industrial Importance
Here, we look at the main products from animals and the industries they feed.
| Animal Source | Raw Material | Industry | Final Products (Examples) | Economic Importance in Ghana | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Cattle, Sheep, Goats | Hides and Skins | Leather Tanning | Shoes, bags, belts, drums, traditional sandals (*ahenema*), upholstery. | Creates jobs in tanneries (e.g., Kumasi), footwear industry, and for local artisans. Earns foreign exchange. | | Cattle, Goats | Milk | Dairy Processing | Yoghurt, cheese, butter, ice cream, evaporated milk. | Supports dairy farmers, creates jobs in processing plants (e.g., FanMilk, Hollandia), and improves nutrition. | | Poultry (Chicken, Turkey) | Meat & Eggs | Food Processing | Sausages, canned chicken, chicken nuggets, processed egg powder (for bakeries). | Major source of protein. Supports large-scale farms (e.g., Darko Farms) and numerous small-scale processors and food vendors. | | Fish (Tilapia, Tuna) | Fish | Canning & Food Processing | Canned mackerel/sardines/tuna, fish oil capsules, smoked fish. | The fishing industry in coastal and lakeside areas (Volta Lake) is a massive employer. Canneries in Tema are key to exports. |
Example Walkthrough: From Cow to Shoe Farming: A farmer raises a cow for meat. Abattoir: The cow is slaughtered. The primary product is meat. The hide/skin is carefully removed. Tannery: The raw hide is sent to a tannery. Here, it is treated with chemicals (tanning) to preserve it, make it durable, and prevent it from rotting. It is cleaned, softened, and sometimes dyed. Manufacturing: The processed leather is sold to a shoe factory. Craftsmen cut, stitch, and shape the leather into a pair of shoes. Market: The finished shoes are sold in shops. C. Waste/By-products from Animal Production and their Industrial Importance