Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
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AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
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Subject: Agriculture
Class: SHS 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 5
Grade code: 2.1.2.LI.2
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 2
Content standard code: 2.1.2.CS.1
Indicator code: 2.1.2.LI.2
Theme: CONCEPT OF AGRICULTURE IN AN INDUSTRIA LIZING SOCIETY
Subtheme: AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
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Welcome, students. Today, we are exploring the powerful link between the farms in our communities and the factories in our towns and cities. Many of the products we use every day—from the milo we drink for breakfast, to the soap we use to bathe, and even the clothes we wear—start their journey on a farm. In Ghana, a nation pushing for industrialization through initiatives like the 'One District, One Factory' (1D1F) policy, understanding this connection is crucial. We will discover how crops provide not just the primary ingredients (raw materials) for industries, but also how their 'waste' can be turned into wealth, creating jobs and protecting our environment.
This section breaks down the core ideas we need to understand the relationship between agriculture and industry. A. Key Definitions Agro-based Industry: This is a factory or business that uses agricultural products (from crops, animals, fish, or forests) as its main inputs or ingredients to create new, more valuable products. *Ghanaian Example:* A company like Golden Exotic Limited in Kasunya, which processes pineapples into fruit juice and canned slices, is an agro-based industry. A local gari processing centre is also a small-scale agro-based industry. Agricultural Raw Material: This is the primary, unprocessed product harvested from a farm that is sent to an industry for processing. *Ghanaian Example:* The raw cocoa beans bought from a farmer by a company like Cargill or Niche Cocoa are agricultural raw materials. Fresh cassava tubers sent to a starch factory are also raw materials. Agricultural Waste Material (By-product): These are the parts of a crop that are left over after the main raw material has been extracted. Traditionally, these were often discarded or burnt, but modern industries see them as a valuable resource. We often call this "waste-to-wealth". *Ghanaian Example:* The thick, empty husk of a cocoa pod after the beans have been removed. Another example is the peel from a cassava tuber after it has been prepared for gari processing. B. Importance of RAW Materials from Crop Production
Industries are completely dependent on a steady, quality supply of raw materials. Without them, the machines would be idle and workers would have no jobs.
| Crop | Raw Material (Part of Crop) | Industry Supplied | Final Products | | :------------ | :-------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------- | | Cocoa | Cocoa Beans | Confectionery, Beverage, Cosmetics | Chocolate, Milo, Bournvita, Cocoa Powder, Cocoa Butter (for lotions) | | Oil Palm | Palm Fruit (Mesocarp) | Food Processing, Soap and Detergents | Cooking Oil (Frytol), Margarine, Soap (Key Soap) | | | Palm Kernel (from the nut) | Cosmetics, Food Processing | Palm Kernel Oil (used in creams, soaps), Animal Feed (cake) | | Cassava | Tuberous Root | Food Processing, Starch, Pharmaceutical, Biofuel | Gari, Tapioca, Industrial Starch (for textiles), Glucose Syrup, Ethanol | | Cotton | Cotton Lint (Fibre) | Textile Industry | Thread, Fabric, Clothing (e.g., GTP, ATL fabrics) | | Shea Nut | Shea Kernel (from the nut) | Cosmetics, Food | Shea Butter (for skin/hair), Cooking oil | | Pineapple | Fruit | Fruit Processing and Canning | Pineapple Juice (e.g., Blue Skies), Canned Pineapple Slices, Dried Fruit | | Rubber | Latex (sap from the tree) | Tyre Manufacturing, General Rubber Products | Vehicle tyres, Footwear, Gloves, Mattresses |
Summary of Importance: Foundation of Industry: They are the fundamental building blocks for manufacturing. Job Creation: Farming the crops and working in the processing factories create employment. Foreign Exchange: Exporting processed goods like chocolate or shea butter earns more money for Ghana than exporting raw cocoa beans or shea nuts. This is called value addition. Food Security: Processing industries help preserve food (canning, drying, juicing), making it available all year round. C. Importance of WASTE Materials from Crop Production (Waste-to-Wealth)