Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
EQUILIBRIA
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EQUILIBRIA
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Subject: Chemistry
Class: SHS 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 14
Grade code: 2.1.2.LI.2
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 2
Content standard code: 2.1.2.CS.1
Indicator code: 2.1.2.LI.2
Theme: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Subtheme: EQUILIBRIA
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Chemical equilibrium is like a busy market where people are constantly buying and selling, but the overall amount of money and goods remains balanced. Many chemical reactions, especially industrial ones that are vital to Ghana's economy (like making fertilizer for our cocoa farms), do not go to completion. Instead, they reach a state of balance called dynamic equilibrium. However, this balance can be disturbed. Le Chatelier's Principle is a powerful tool that helps us predict how a chemical system at equilibrium will respond to changes.
A. Recap: What is Dynamic Equilibrium? Before we disturb an equilibrium, let's remember what it is. A reaction is in dynamic equilibrium when: The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. The concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant. The reaction is happening in a closed system.
It is "dynamic" because reactions are still occurring, but "equilibrium" because there is no net change in the amounts of substances. B. Le Chatelier's Principle This is the core concept for today.
Formal Statement: "If a change of condition (a stress) is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system will shift in a direction that counteracts the change."
Simpler Explanation: Imagine a balanced seesaw. If you add weight to one side (a stress), the seesaw will tilt. To rebalance it, you would shift weight to the other side. A chemical system does something similar. When you "stress" it, it reacts in a way to relieve that stress and find a new balance.