Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 1
PLANT SYSTEMS
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PLANT SYSTEMS
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Subject: Biology
Class: SHS 1
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 18
Grade code: 1.4.2.LI.2
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 2
Content standard code: 1.4.2.CS.1
Indicator code: 1.4.2.LI.2
Theme: SYSTEMS OF LIFE
Subtheme: PLANT SYSTEMS
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Plants are essential to our lives in Ghana, providing us with food like maize, yam, and cassava; medicine from their barks and leaves; and wood for building our homes and furniture. To understand how plants live, grow, and provide these resources, we must look inside them. This lesson explores the internal "building blocks"—the tissues—of two major groups of plants: monocots (like maize and grasses) and dicots (like beans, mango, and odum trees). By comparing their roots, stems, and leaves, we will understand how their internal structure is perfectly designed for their specific functions, such as absorbing water, transporting food, and making their own food through photosynthesis.
A. Introduction: Monocots vs. Dicots
Before we go inside the plant, let's remember the two main groups we are studying. Monocotyledonous Plants (Monocots): Have one seed leaf (cotyledon). Examples common in Ghana are Maize, Rice, Oil Palm, Guinea grass, Sugarcane, Onion. Dicotyledonous Plants (Dicots): Have two seed leaves (cotyledons). Examples are Bean, Groundnut, Mango, Cassava, Odum, Teak, 'Kontomire'. B. The Three Main Tissue Systems
Every plant organ (root, stem, leaf) is made of three main tissue systems, each with a specific job. Dermal Tissue System (The "Skin"): The outermost layer, mainly the epidermis. Function: Protection from water loss, disease, and physical damage. In roots, it has root hairs for absorption. In leaves and stems, it has a waxy cuticle and pores called stomata for gas exchange. Ground Tissue System (The "Filler"): Fills the space between dermal and vascular tissues. It has three cell types: Parenchyma: Most common; performs photosynthesis, storage (like in a yam tuber), and secretion. Collenchyma: Provides flexible support for growing parts (like the "strings" in a celery stick). Sclerenchyma: Provides rigid support; cells are often dead at maturity (e.g., gives hardness to coconut shells). Vascular Tissue System (The "Plumbing"): The transport system, arranged in vascular bundles. Xylem: Transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots up to the rest of the plant. Provides mechanical support. Phloem: Transports sugars (food) made during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant where it is needed for growth or storage.
C. Internal Structure of the ROOT