Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 1

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Identify the internal structures of monocot and dicot plants.
• Explain the functions of leaf, stem, and root tissues.
• Compare the internal structures of monocots and dicots.
• Understand the real-life importance of these plant systems in Ghana.

Lesson summary

Welcome, students! Today, we are exploring the secret world inside the plants we see every day – from the maize in our farms to the large mango trees in our compounds. Just like our bodies have different organs like the heart and lungs made of tissues, plants also have specialised tissues in their roots, stems, and leaves that allow them to survive and grow. Understanding these internal systems is crucial, especially in Ghana, where agriculture is the backbone of our economy. By learning how a plant's "plumbing" (vascular tissues) and "skin" (dermal tissues) work, we can become better farmers, gardeners, and custodians of our environment.

Lesson notes

A. Introduction to Plant Tissues

A tissue is a group of similar cells that are specialised to perform a specific function. In plants, tissues are organised into three main systems: Dermal Tissue System: The outer protective layer of the plant. It's like the plant's skin. Epidermis: A single layer of cells covering the plant. Function: Prevents water loss (with a waxy cuticle), regulates gas exchange (through stomata), and protects against diseases. Ground Tissue System: Fills the space between the dermal and vascular tissues. It carries out most of the plant's metabolic functions. Types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma. Functions: Photosynthesis (in leaves), food storage (in roots and stems), and structural support. Vascular Tissue System: The transport system of the plant, like our circulatory system. It runs through the roots, stems, and leaves. Xylem: Transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots up to the rest of the plant. Phloem: Transports sugars (food) made during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant where it is needed for growth or storage. Xylem and Phloem are usually found together in vascular bundles. B. Monocotyledonous vs. Dicotyledonous Plants

Before we look inside, let's remember the basics. Flowering plants are divided into two major groups:

| Feature | Monocotyledonous (Monocots) | Dicotyledonous (Dicots) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Ghanaian Example | Maize, Rice, Oil Palm, Guinea Grass | Bean, Cassava, Mango, Cocoa, Kontomire | | Cotyledons | One cotyledon (seed leaf) | Two cotyledons (seed leaves) | | Leaf Veins | Parallel veins | Net-like or branching veins | | Flower Parts | In multiples of three (3, 6, 9...) | In multiples of four or five (4, 5, 8, 10...) | | Root System | Fibrous root system | Taproot system | | Vascular Bundles | Scattered in the stem | Arranged in a ring in the stem |

Evaluation guide

• Relate the tissues of the leaf, stem, and roots of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous
• plants to their functions .
• Group -Based and Experiential Learning:
• In mixed- ability and tasked -based groups, watch videos/pictures/charts or listen to presentations on