Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 1
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERIES
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AGRICULTURAL MACHINERIES
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Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: SHS 1
Term: 1st Term
Week: 8
Grade code: 1.1.3.LI.3
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 3
Content standard code: 1.1.3.CS.1
Indicator code: 1.1.3.LI.3
Theme: NEW DAWN IN AGRICULTURE
Subtheme: AGRICULTURAL MACHINERIES
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Welcome, future leaders of Ghana's agriculture! Today, we explore a critical topic that allows us to farm all year round: Irrigation. In Ghana, our rainfall can be unpredictable. We have distinct rainy and dry seasons. For a farmer to succeed and ensure a constant supply of food like tomatoes, peppers (kpakpo shito), and cabbage to our markets, they cannot rely on rain alone. This is where irrigation comes in. Irrigation is simply the artificial application of water to land to assist in the growing of crops. The tools and systems we use for this, from a simple watering can to a complex sprinkler system, are essential types of agricultural machinery and equipment.
A. What is Irrigation?
Irrigation is the controlled, artificial application of water to crops to supplement natural rainfall. It is a form of agricultural machinery because it involves using tools, equipment, and systems to perform a specific agricultural task (watering).
Why is Irrigation Crucial in Ghana? Dry Season Farming: It allows for crop production during the long dry season (harmattan), especially in the Northern Savanna zones. This is vital for year-round vegetable supply. Combating Climate Change: Rainfall patterns are becoming less reliable. Irrigation provides a safety net against drought. Increased Yield: Proper watering at the right time significantly increases the quantity and quality of produce. Economic Empowerment: Dry season vegetable farming through irrigation is a major source of income for many communities, for example, along the Tono and Vea dams in the Upper East Region. B. Types of Irrigation Systems
We can classify irrigation systems into four main categories. Manual Irrigation