Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 1

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Explain customary and statutory land tenure systems.
• Identify challenges in land acquisition and tenure.
• Discuss how these challenges affect agricultural productivity.
• Propose potential solutions to improve land tenure systems.

Lesson summary

Land is the most fundamental resource in agriculture. In Ghana, how we access, own, use, and transfer land is governed by complex rules. Understanding these rules, known as land tenure systems, is crucial for anyone involved in agriculture, from a smallholder farmer in a village to a large commercial enterprise. This lesson will explore the two main systems in Ghana – customary and statutory – and critically examine the challenges they present to farmers and agricultural development. This knowledge is vital for making informed decisions about land, preventing conflicts, and securing agricultural investments for a prosperous future.

Lesson notes

A. What is Land Tenure?

Definition: Land tenure refers to the system of rules, institutions, and practices that govern how individuals, families, communities, and the state gain access to, use, control, and transfer land. Simple Analogy: Think of land tenure as the "rules of the game" for land. It answers questions like: Who can use this land? (Access) For how long can they use it? (Duration) What can they use it for? (Farming, building, etc.) Can they sell it or pass it to their children? (Transfer) Who resolves disputes about the land? (Authority)

In Ghana, these "rules" primarily come from two sources, leading to two main systems. B. The Two Main Land Tenure Systems in Ghana

| Feature | Customary Land Tenure System | Statutory Land Tenure System | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Source of Rules | Based on local customs, traditions, and practices passed down through generations. | Based on written laws passed by Parliament and enforced by the state. | | Ownership | Land is typically owned by stools (in Akan areas), skins (in Northern Ghana), clans, or families. The chief or family head acts as a custodian or trustee for the people. | Land is either owned by the state (public land) or by individuals/groups who have registered their interest according to state law. | | Evidence of Title| Often based on oral history, long-term occupation, and community consensus. Written proof is rare. | Based on official, legally recognised documents like a Title Certificate, Indenture, or Deed of Assignment, registered with the Lands Commission. | | Governance | Managed by traditional authorities (chiefs, elders, family heads). | Managed by state institutions, primarily the Lands Commission. | C. In-depth Look at Challenges

Evaluation guide

• Examine challenges in customary and statutory land tenure systems.
• Enquiry -Based Learning: Learners in mixed -ability groups search the Internet and other
• sources for information on the challenges to land acquisition and tenure.
• Managing Talk for Learning: Learners in mi xed ability groups discuss challenges in