Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 3
AGRICULTURAL TOOLS
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AGRICULTURAL TOOLS
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 3
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 5
Grade code: B9.4.5.1.3
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 5
Content standard code: B9.4.5.1
Indicator code: B9.4.5.1.3
Theme: FORCES AND ENERGY
Subtheme: AGRICULTURAL TOOLS
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Agriculture is a major source of food and income in Ghana. Many farming activities—clearing, planting, weeding, harvesting, carrying and watering—depend on tools. When tools are expensive or not available, farmers and learners can manufacture simple agricultural tools using materials from the environment (wood, bamboo, calabash, old metal, rope, sacks, plastic containers). This lesson helps learners use Forces and Energy ideas (push, pull, leverage, friction, pressure) to design and make simple tools that work safely and effectively.
A. Meaning of Agricultural Tools Agricultural tools are devices used to make farm work easier, faster and safer. They help us apply force effectively to soil, plants and farm materials.
Examples and uses Hoe: loosening soil, weeding, making ridges. Cutlass: clearing weeds, cutting sticks. Rake: gathering leaves/grass, leveling seedbeds. Dibber (planting stick): making holes for seeds/seedlings. Watering can: watering seedlings gently. Scoop/shovel (small): moving compost/manure/soil. B. Forces and Energy in Agricultural Tools (Link to Strand) Tools work because they help us apply force in a useful way. Force (Push/Pull) When you push a hoe into soil, you apply a force. When you pull a rake toward you, you apply a force. Leverage (Using a handle to multiply effort) A long handle allows you to apply force with less effort because it increases turning effect (moment/torque). Example: A longer handle on a hoe makes it easier to lift and turn soil than a short handle. Pressure Pressure = Force ÷ Area A pointed dibber has a small contact area, so the pressure is high, making it easier to penetrate soil.