Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 3
NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
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NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
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Subject: Physical Education And Health
Class: JHS 3
Term: 1st Term
Week: 5
Grade code: B9.1.1.1.2
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B9.1.1.1
Indicator code: B9.1.1.1.2
Theme: HEALTH EDUCATION
Subtheme: NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
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Water is the most needed nutrient in the human body. In Ghana, many JHS learners walk long distances to school, play football/netball, do chores, and sometimes learn in hot classrooms. When the body loses water through sweat and urine and we do not replace it, we become dehydrated. Dehydration reduces energy, concentration, and sports performance, and it can lead to heat exhaustion. Understanding the role of water helps learners make safe choices about drinking water, eating watery foods, and staying active.
2.1 Meaning of Water as a Nutrient A nutrient is any substance the body needs for growth, repair, energy, and proper functioning. Water is a nutrient because: The body cannot survive long without it. It is needed for many body processes even though it does not provide energy (no calories).
Important fact: The human body is made up of a lot of water (about 50–70%), and blood is mostly water.
2.2 Roles of Water in Relation to Nutrition Water supports nutrition in several connected ways: (A) Water helps digestion (breaking down food) Saliva contains water; it moistens food and helps swallowing. In the stomach and intestines, water helps mix food with digestive juices so enzymes can work well.
Example (Ghanaian context): If someone eats banku with okro soup or rice and stew, water helps soften and mix the food in the stomach so digestion can occur smoothly. Without enough water, digestion becomes slow and uncomfortable. (B) Water helps absorption of nutrients After digestion, nutrients like glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals must be absorbed into the blood. Water helps dissolve many nutrients so they can pass through the intestinal wall.