Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 3
THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM
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THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 3
Term: 1st Term
Week: 15
Grade code: B9.3.1.1.1
Strand code: 3
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B9.3.1.1
Indicator code: B9.3.1.1.1
Theme: SYSTEMS
Subtheme: THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM
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The circulatory system is the body’s transport system. It moves oxygen, nutrients, hormones and heat to all parts of the body and carries wastes (like carbon dioxide) to organs that remove them. In Ghana, understanding circulation helps learners make good health choices about diet (too much salt and fatty foods), exercise, malaria and sickle cell disease, blood donation, and managing blood pressure.
A. Meaning of the Circulatory System The circulatory system (also called the cardiovascular system) is made up of: Heart (pump) Blood vessels (pipes): arteries, veins, capillaries Blood (transport medium)
Main functions Transport: oxygen, digested food, water, salts, hormones. Removal of waste: carbon dioxide to lungs; urea to kidneys; excess heat to skin. Protection: white blood cells fight infection; clotting prevents bleeding. Regulation: maintains body temperature and pH; distributes heat.
B. Parts of the Circulatory System and Their Functions 1) The Heart (Pump) A muscular organ in the chest, slightly to the left. Has 4 chambers: Right atrium (receives deoxygenated blood from body) Right ventricle (pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs) Left atrium (receives oxygenated blood from lungs) Left ventricle (pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body; thickest wall)
Valves ensure one-way flow: Tricuspid valve: between right atrium and right ventricle Bicuspid/Mitral valve: between left atrium and left ventricle Semilunar valves: at the bases of pulmonary artery and aorta