Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2
ORGANISED SPORTS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION
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ORGANISED SPORTS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION
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Subject: Physical Education And Health
Class: JHS 2
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 9
Grade code: B8.2.3.3.1
Strand code: 2
Sub-strand code: 3
Content standard code: B8.2.3.3
Indicator code: B8.2.3.3.1
Theme: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY EDUCATION
Subtheme: ORGANISED SPORTS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION
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Organised sports and physical activity participation means taking part in planned games and exercises with rules, roles, and teamwork (e.g., school football, netball, handball, basketball, hockey, athletics). In Ghana, learners meet these activities in school sports, inter-house competitions, community parks, and youth clubs. Knowing movement concepts, principles and strategies helps learners play more safely, more skilfully, and more intelligently—not just running after the ball, but moving with purpose, pacing effort, and working as a team. It also supports inclusion so that girls, beginners, and learners with different abilities can participate confidently.
A. What are “movement concepts”? Movement concepts are the “ideas” that guide how we move. They help us decide where, when, and how to move. Space (Where you move) Personal space: space around your body (e.g., keeping balance while pivoting). General space: space in the playing area (e.g., moving into open space to receive a pass). Creating space: spreading out, making runs, using width and depth. Closing space: defenders move closer to reduce attacker options. Time (When you move) Timing: moving at the right moment (e.g., running into space just as a teammate looks up to pass). Speed of play: quick passing vs holding the ball. Pacing: controlling effort so you don’t get tired too early. Force (How strong your action is) Passing with the right force: not too hard (teammate can’t control), not too soft (intercepted). Shooting force: depends on distance and defender pressure. Flow (How smooth your movement is) Smooth transitions: from jogging to sprinting, from attack to defence. Controlled flow helps reduce injuries and improves skill. Balance and Body Control Low centre of gravity when defending. Stable base when receiving and turning. Coordination Eyes, hands/feet working together (e.g., catching and passing in handball; dribbling and passing in football).
B. What are “movement principles”? Movement principles are “rules of good movement” that improve performance and safety. Ready Position Knees slightly bent, body relaxed, eyes up. Helps quick reaction in both attack and defence. Change of Direction Plant foot, lower body, push off strongly. Used to dodge defenders or to track an attacker. Support Play (Helping the ball carrier) Move to a position where you can receive a pass. Create triangles (3 players forming passing options). Passing and Receiving Pass to space, not only to feet/hands. Receive with “soft” control (cushion the ball or hands). Defensive Marking Man-to-man: each defender marks a player. Zonal: each defender covers an area. Good defenders watch ball + player + space. Transition When your team wins the ball: spread out quickly (attack). When your team loses the ball: recover quickly (defend).
C. What are “strategies” in invasion games? Invasion games are games where teams invade the opponent’s territory to score (football, basketball, handball, hockey, netball). Strategies are planned ways to use skills and movement concepts to win. Common attacking strategies Create space Spread wide, make forward runs, use quick passes. Give-and-go (1–2 pass) Pass to teammate → run into space → receive return pass. Overload Put more attackers than defenders in one area (e.g., 3 attackers vs 2 defenders). Switch play Move the ball from crowded side to open side. Common defensive strategies Delay Slow down the attacker so teammates can recover. Marking Stay close enough to challenge but not so close you get beaten easily. Intercept Read the pass and step into the passing line. Compact defence Reduce space near the scoring area.
D. Pacing and individual/team adaptations (Beginning → Intermediate level) Many JHS2 learners are moving from beginner to intermediate. Pacing and adaptation help everyone succeed. Pacing (Effort control) Start steady: don’t sprint all the time. Use bursts: sprint when needed (to receive pass, defend goal). Recover: jog/walk when play is away from you. Team pacing: teams can agree to keep possession with short passes to manage fatigue. Individual adaptations A learner who tires easily can play a role with smart positioning (e.g., defender who intercepts rather than constant chasing). A learner with weaker kicking can focus on short passes and movement into space. Team adaptations Use formations in small-sided games (e.g., 2 defenders + 1 attacker). Rotate positions every 3–5 minutes so everyone learns and fatigue reduces.