Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2
ENERGY
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ENERGY
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 5
Grade code: B8.4.1.1.1
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B8.4.1.1
Indicator code: B8.4.1.1.1
Theme: FORCES AND ENERGY
Subtheme: ENERGY
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Energy is what makes things happen—moving a bicycle, lighting a bulb, cooking kenkey, pumping water, or charging a phone. In Ghana, we experience energy conversion every day: hydroelectric power from Akosombo and Kpong, solar panels on rooftops, fuel used in “trotro” engines, and even our bodies converting food into movement. Understanding energy conversion helps learners explain how machines work, why we save electricity, and how Ghana can use natural resources wisely.
2.1 Meaning of Energy Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. Examples of “change”: A stone falls (movement changes). Water boils (temperature changes). A bulb lights (darkness changes to light).
Unit of energy: Joule (J). (At this level, focus more on forms and conversions than heavy calculations.)
2.2 Forms of Energy (with Ghanaian examples) Chemical energy – stored in food, batteries, petrol, LPG, charcoal. Example: Petrol in a car; dry cell in a torch. Electrical energy – energy carried by electric current. Example: ECG power used in homes; power from a generator. Kinetic energy – energy of motion. Example: A moving bicycle; flowing river water. Gravitational potential energy (GPE) – stored due to height. Example: Water stored high behind a dam; a book on a shelf. Thermal (heat) energy – related to temperature. Example: Hot soup; heat from a coalpot. Light energy – from the sun, bulbs, flames. Example: Sunlight for drying clothes; streetlights. Sound energy – from vibrations. Example: Speaker sound; engine noise. Elastic potential energy – stored in stretched/compressed objects. Example: Catapult (slingshot); stretched rubber band.
2.3 Energy Conversion (Core of the Indicator) Energy conversion means changing energy from one form to another.