Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2
FINISHES AND FINISHING
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FINISHES AND FINISHING
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Subject: Career Technology
Class: JHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 12
Grade code: B8.3.5.1.1
Strand code: 3
Sub-strand code: 5
Content standard code: B8.3.4.1
Indicator code: B8.3.5.1.1
Theme: TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND PROCESSES
Subtheme: FINISHES AND FINISHING
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This lesson introduces learners to the concept of finishes and the practical skill of mixing them. In Ghana, we are surrounded by objects made of wood and metal—from the desks we sit on and the doors of our homes to the metal gates and burglar-proof windows that keep us safe. Finishes are special coatings that protect these items from damage by rain, sun, and insects like termites, while also making them look beautiful. Knowing how to properly mix a finish, like paint or varnish, is a valuable skill for home maintenance, local crafts like carpentry and carving, and even as a potential business. This lesson will provide the hands-on knowledge needed to prepare finishes correctly and safely.
A. What is a Finish? A finish is a liquid substance that is applied as a final layer to the surface of a material like wood, metal, or concrete. When it dries, it forms a solid, protective, and often decorative film.
Think of it like this: The skin on your body protects your insides. A finish is like the "skin" for a piece of furniture or a wall.
Purposes of Applying a Finish: Protection: To protect the material from moisture (rain), sunlight, rust (for metals), and attacks from insects (like termites in wood). Aesthetics (Beauty): To improve the appearance of the object by adding colour, shine, and a smooth feel. A well-finished 'chop box' looks much better than a plain wooden one. Durability: To make the object last longer by preventing it from rotting, rusting, or wearing out quickly. Hygiene: A finished surface is often sealed and smooth, making it easier to clean and preventing dirt from getting into pores. B. Common Types of Finishes in Ghana Paint: The most common type of finish. It consists of pigment (for colour), a binder (to make it stick), and a liquid base (solvent). Water-Based Paint (Emulsion/Latex): Base: Water. Thinner: Water. Uses: Mostly for interior and exterior walls (concrete, plaster). It dries quickly and has less odour. Cleaning: Brushes and tools can be cleaned with soap and water. Oil-Based Paint (Gloss/Eggshell): Base: Oil or a chemical solvent. Thinner: Turpentine or White Spirit. Uses: For metal gates, burglar-proof bars, wooden doors, and window frames because it is very durable and water-resistant. Cleaning: Brushes and tools must be cleaned with turpentine or white spirit. Varnish: A clear, transparent finish. Purpose: It is used when you want to protect the wood but still see the natural beauty of the wood grain. Uses: Commonly used on furniture like tables, chairs, beds, and carved stools. Thinner: Usually thinned with turpentine or its specific recommended thinner. Polish (e.g., French Polish): Purpose: To create a very high-gloss, shiny, and smooth surface on high-quality wood. Composition: It is made from shellac (a resin from an insect) dissolved in alcohol (methylated spirit). Uses: Fine furniture, musical instruments like guitars, and antique restoration. C. The Mixing Process: Step-by-Step Guide
The most common mixing task is thinning paint that is too thick to apply smoothly. We will focus on mixing water-based (emulsion) paint.