Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Describe key movement concepts and principles.
• Demonstrate basic techniques in a ball or racket sport.
• Create and organise a small group competition.
• Record your physical activity in a self-journal.
• Collaborate with peers to improve performance.

Lesson summary

Organised sports and physical activity participation means taking part in planned games and exercises with rules, roles, and fair play—such as school inter-house sports, community football, table tennis at the youth centre, or badminton/tennis activities in PE lessons. In Ghana, organised sports help learners build fitness, teamwork, discipline, confidence, and leadership. They also teach safe movement skills that reduce injuries and improve performance.

Lesson notes

A. What are movement concepts, principles, and strategies? 1) Movement Concepts (the “what” of movement) These are ideas that guide how we move in games: Space awareness: Knowing where you are, where teammates/opponents are, and where open space is. Example (football): Passing into an open space instead of directly to a marked teammate. Effort (force and speed): How hard or fast you move or strike. Example (table tennis): A gentle push shot vs. a faster drive. Balance: Keeping the body stable while moving or changing direction. Example (badminton/tennis): Staying low with knees bent when receiving a shot. Coordination: Using body parts together smoothly (eyes, hands, feet). Example (basketball): Dribbling while scanning for a teammate. Timing and rhythm: Moving at the right moment. Example (tennis): Stepping forward as you strike the ball. 2) Movement Principles (the “how” that makes movement effective) These are rules that improve performance: Ready position: A balanced stance that prepares you to move quickly. Cues: *knees bent, weight on balls of feet, eyes forward, hands/racket ready*. Base of support: Wider stance gives more stability. Example: In defence, feet shoulder-width apart. Centre of gravity: Lower centre of gravity improves balance and quick changes. Example: Bending knees when receiving a serve. Follow-through: Continuing the movement after striking improves control and power. Example: In tennis, racket continues forward after contact. Recovery/return to base: After playing a shot, return to a good position. Example: In badminton, return to the centre of your court area. 3) Strategies (the “game plan” decisions) Strategies are choices you make to succeed: Create space / move to space: Move away from defenders to receive a pass. Pass and move: After passing, run to support or create another option. Marking and intercepting: Stay close to an opponent and anticipate passes. Target weak space: In racket sports, play to open areas or away from opponent’s strong side. Pacing: Managing energy so you can perform well throughout the game.

B. Applying movement concepts in ball and racket sports (beginning–intermediate) Example 1: Footwork in tennis/badminton/table tennis (core exemplar) Footwork is how you move your feet to reach the ball early and stay balanced.

Key footwork skills: Ready position: knees bent, feet apart, light on toes. Split step (small hop as opponent strikes): helps you react quickly. Side shuffle: move left/right without crossing legs (safer and faster). Pivot: turn quickly to change direction. Return to base: after the shot, recover to a central position.

Worked Ghanaian context example: During PE, Ama plays a simplified tennis game using a soft ball and a rope as a net. When the ball goes to her right, she: starts in ready position, does a quick split step, side shuffles to the right, strikes with controlled force, returns to base. This shows balance, coordination, timing, and recovery. Example 2: Ball sports—passing and moving (football/handball/basketball) To apply movement principles: Scan (space awareness): look up before receiving. Receive with control: cushion the ball (reduce force). Pass with correct force: not too hard, not too soft. Move after passing: create a new passing lane.

Evaluation guide

• Apply movement concepts, principles and strategies in learning beginning -
• intermediate level ball and racket sports based on individual adaptation and
• pacing.
• Use adapted rules and equipment to foster inclusion.