Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2
Fractions, Decimals and Percentages
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Fractions, Decimals and Percentages
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Subject: Mathematics
Class: JHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 1
Grade code: B8.1.3.1.2
Strand code: 3
Sub-strand code: 3
Content standard code: B8.1.3.1
Indicator code: B8.1.3.1.2
Theme: GEOMETRY AND MEASUREMENT
Subtheme: Fractions, Decimals and Percentages
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Fractions are a part of our everyday lives here in Ghana, even if we don't always use the mathematical name for them. When we share a piece of yam, divide a plot of land, or measure ingredients like gari or flour for cooking, we are using fractions. Understanding how to perform calculations with fractions is a powerful skill. It helps us in buying and selling at the market, in practical vocations like carpentry and tailoring, and even in understanding news about the economy. This lesson will strengthen our ability to confidently work with fractions in any situation.
Before we start, let's remember the three types of fractions: Proper Fraction: The numerator is smaller than the denominator (e.g., ½, ¾). It's less than one whole. Improper Fraction: The numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator (e.g., ⁵/₄, ⁷/₃). It's one whole or more. Mixed Number: A whole number and a proper fraction combined (e.g., 1 ¼, 2 ⅔). A. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
The Golden Rule: To add or subtract fractions, they must have the same denominator. This common denominator is called the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of the original denominators.
Steps: If you have mixed numbers, convert them to improper fractions first. (Multiply the whole number by the denominator and add the numerator. Keep the same denominator). Find the LCM of the denominators. Rewrite each fraction as an equivalent fraction with the LCM as the new denominator. Add or subtract the numerators only. Keep the common denominator. Simplify your answer and convert it back to a mixed number if it's an improper fraction.