Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 1
ENERGY
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ENERGY
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 1
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 7
Grade code: B7.4.1.2.1
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B7.4.1.2
Indicator code: B7.4.1.2.1
Theme: FORCES AND ENERGY
Subtheme: ENERGY
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Heat transfer is part of Energy in the strand Forces and Energy. In Ghana, learners meet heat transfer every day: cooking with charcoal or gas, ironing uniforms, boiling water for tea, keeping food warm in a flask, feeling hot sand at the beach, or noticing that a metal spoon in hot soup becomes hot quickly. Understanding how heat moves helps learners to cook safely, save energy, and choose suitable materials (metal, plastic, wood, air, water) for different uses.
2.1 What is Heat? Heat is a form of energy that is transferred because of a temperature difference. Temperature tells how hot or cold something is. Rule: Heat always flows from higher temperature to lower temperature until both reach the same temperature (thermal equilibrium).
Example (Ghana context): When you put a cold sachet water in the sun, it becomes warmer. Heat moves from the hot surroundings (sunlight/air) into the cooler sachet water.
2.2 Methods of Heat Transfer Heat can be transferred in three main ways: A. Conduction (mainly in solids) Definition: Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material without the material moving from place to place. Heat passes from particle to particle. Happens best in solids, especially metals. Metals are good conductors because they have free electrons that carry energy quickly. Plastics, wood, rubber, air are poor conductors (insulators).
Everyday examples: A metal spoon in hot tea becomes hot from the end in the cup to the handle. A metal pot gets hot quickly on a coalpot. A plastic spoon stays cooler than a metal spoon in hot soup (plastic is a poor conductor).