Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 1
Patterns and Relations
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Patterns and Relations
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Subject: Mathematics
Class: JHS 1
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 5
Grade code: B7.2.1.1.3
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B7.2.1.1
Indicator code: B7.2.1.1.3
Theme: NUMBER
Subtheme: Patterns and Relations
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This lesson introduces learners to the foundational concept of patterns and relations. In our daily lives in Ghana, we encounter many patterns without even thinking about them. The price of a taxi ride depends on the distance, the amount of mobile money charge depends on the amount you are sending, and the quantity of ingredients for waakye depends on how many people you are feeding. These are all examples of relations. Understanding the "rule" behind these relations helps us to predict outcomes, solve problems, and make sense of the world around us.
What is a Relation or a Rule? Think of a rule as a "secret instruction" or a "machine" that changes a number in a specific way. You start with a number, which we call the INPUT. You apply the rule or instruction to it. You get a new number, which we call the OUTPUT.
This relationship between the input and the output is called a relation.
Example: Imagine a machine that takes any number you put in, multiplies it by 2, and then adds 3. If you put in 4 (the input), the machine does `(4 × 2) + 3 = 8 + 3 = 11`. The output is 11. If you put in 10 (the input), the machine does `(10 × 2) + 3 = 20 + 3 = 23`. The output is 23.
The rule for this machine is "multiply by 2 and add 3". Mapping Notation In mathematics, we write these rules in a short, neat way called mapping notation. The rule "multiply by 2 and add 3" can be written as: `x → 2x + 3`