Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 1

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Identify the function of LEDs, resistors, diodes, and inductors.
• Explain how these components work together in a circuit.
• Analyse how adding components affects an LED's brightness.

Lesson summary

Electricity and electronics are part of everyday life in Ghana—phones and power banks, radios, TV sets, traffic lights, torches, solar lanterns, and even mobile money devices all depend on electronic circuits. In every circuit, electronic components perform specific functions. Understanding what each component does helps learners to (1) build simple circuits safely, (2) troubleshoot faults (e.g., “Why is the LED not lighting?”), and (3) appreciate how technology works. Indicator alignment (B7.4.2.2.3): Learners will discuss the function of each electronic component (LED, resistor, diode, inductor) and explain how they affect each other—especially how they affect LED brightness.

Lesson notes

2.1 Basic circuit ideas (quick revision) Electric current (I): flow of electric charge in a circuit (measured in amperes, A). Voltage (V): “push” from a battery or power supply (measured in volts, V). Resistance (R): opposition to current flow (measured in ohms, Ω).

Ohm’s Law (for many simple cases): \[ V = I \times R \quad \Rightarrow \quad I = \frac{V}{R} \]

> In many LED circuits, we use a resistor to control current so the LED does not burn.

2.2 LED (Light Emitting Diode) Meaning: An LED is a special diode that emits light when current passes through it in the correct direction.

Evaluation guide

• Discuss the roles and the significance of the following electronic
• components in a circuit and how they affect each other:
• i. LED,
• ii. Resistor,