Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 1
MATERIALS
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MATERIALS
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 1
Term: 1st Term
Week: 4
Grade code: B7.1.1.2.1
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B7.1.1.2
Indicator code: B7.1.1.2.1
Theme: DIVERSITY OF MATTER
Subtheme: MATERIALS
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Materials around us (metals, plastics, wood, water, air, salt, charcoal, etc.) are made up of matter. Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Scientists organise atoms of different substances into a table called the Periodic Table. This organisation helps us to predict properties of materials we use in Ghana every day—such as why aluminium is good for cooking pots, why copper is used for electrical wiring, and why helium is safe in balloons. This lesson focuses on demonstrating knowledge of the orderly arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table—especially the first 20 elements, their symbols, and how to identify metals, non-metals, and noble gases.
2.1 Matter, Elements and Atoms (Quick Revision) Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space (e.g., water, air, iron nail). Element: a pure substance made of only one kind of atom (e.g., oxygen, iron, gold). Atom: the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element. 2.2 The Periodic Table (Meaning and Purpose) The Periodic Table is a chart that organises all known elements in a logical pattern.
It helps us to: identify an element quickly by its name and symbol, know its atomic number, predict whether it behaves like a metal or non-metal, see families of elements (called groups) that share similar properties. 2.3 Atomic Number (Why the Arrangement is “Orderly”) Atomic number = the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. In the Periodic Table, elements are arranged in increasing atomic number from left to right across a row.
Example (showing order): Hydrogen has atomic number 1 Helium has atomic number 2 Lithium has atomic number 3
So the table starts: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 … in order. 2.4 Periods and Groups Period: a horizontal row in the Periodic Table. Atomic numbers generally increase from left to right across a period. Group: a vertical column in the Periodic Table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.