Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 1
MATERIALS
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MATERIALS
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 1
Term: 1st Term
Week: 3
Grade code: B7.1.1.1.2
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B7.1.1.1
Indicator code: B7.1.1.1.2
Theme: DIVERSITY OF MATTER
Subtheme: MATERIALS
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In our daily life in Ghana, we use many materials. One important group of materials is liquids—such as water, palm oil, petrol, kerosene, milk, and liquid soap. Liquids are essential for life, health, farming, industry, transport, and sanitation. Understanding the importance of liquids helps learners make wise decisions about using and preserving them, especially water and fuels, which are often wasted or polluted in communities.
A. What is a Liquid? (Material Concept) A liquid is a state of matter (a type of material) that: Flows and can be poured. Has a definite volume (a fixed amount), but Has no definite shape—it takes the shape of its container.
Examples in Ghana: water, palm oil, groundnut oil, kerosene, petrol, diesel, milk, fruit juice, liquid soap, paint, blood. B. Properties of Liquids (Simple but Important) They flow: If you tilt a bottle of water, it pours out. They take the shape of the container: Water in a cup looks different from water in a basin. They have volume: 1 litre of water is still 1 litre whether in a bottle or bucket. They can be measured: using measuring cylinder, syringe, cup measures, bottles marked in litres. Some mix, some do not mix: Water + sugar → mixes (solution) Water + palm oil → does not mix (forms layers) C. Importance of Liquids in Life (Indicator Focus) Liquids are important because they support human survival and development. The importance can be grouped into key areas: 1) Liquids for Survival and Body Functions (Health) Drinking water prevents dehydration and helps the body function well. Water helps in: Digestion (breaking down food) Transporting nutrients in the blood Removing waste through urine and sweat Regulating body temperature (sweating cools the body)
Worked Ghana example: During hot season (e.g., March in Tamale), people sweat more. If you don’t drink enough water, you can feel dizzy or weak. So water is essential for staying healthy. 2) Liquids for Hygiene and Disease Prevention Water and liquid soap are used for: Handwashing (reduces cholera, diarrhoea, typhoid) Bathing Cleaning toilets and surroundings Disinfectants (liquid antiseptics) help prevent infections.
Community link: In many Ghanaian communities, outbreaks of cholera are linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. Clean liquids and proper hygiene save lives. 3) Liquids for Food and Nutrition Liquids are used in: Cooking (water for boiling rice, yam, banku, kenkey preparation) Beverages (milk, cocoa drink, sobolo, fruit juice) Food processing (palm oil in stew; water in gari processing; milk in yoghurt) 4) Liquids for Farming and Food Production (Agriculture) Water is needed for: Irrigation (watering crops during dry season) Animal rearing (animals drink water) Some liquid fertilizers and pesticides are used carefully to protect crops.