Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 1
Number and Numeration Systems
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Number and Numeration Systems
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Subject: Mathematics
Class: JHS 1
Term: 1st Term
Week: 2
Grade code: B7.1.1.1.3
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B7.1.1.1
Indicator code: B7.1.1.1.3
Theme: HANDLING DATA ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 211
Subtheme: Number and Numeration Systems
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In our daily lives in Ghana, we often deal with very large numbers. Think about the population of our country (over 30 million!), the number of Cedis in the national budget, or the votes counted in an election. It is often not necessary to state these exact numbers. Instead, we use "about" or "approximately" to make them easier to understand, compare, and communicate. This process of finding a simpler, nearby number is called rounding. This lesson will teach us how to round large numbers accurately, a skill that is very useful for estimating and making sense of the world around us.
A. Understanding Place Value Before we can round, we must be experts at identifying the place value of each digit in a large number. Let's use the estimated population of Ghana in 2023: 33,475,870.
| Ten Millions | Millions | Hundred Thousands | Ten Thousands | Thousands | Hundreds | Tens | Ones | | :----------: | :------: | :---------------: | :-----------: | :-------: | :------: | :--: | :--: | | 3 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 0 | The digit 7 is in the Tens place. The digit 8 is in the Hundreds place. The digit 5 is in the Thousands place. The digit 7 is in the Ten Thousands place. The digit 4 is in the Hundred Thousands place. The digit 3 is in the Millions place. B. The Three Types of Rounding
The indicator asks us to learn three ways to round: Rounding Off, Rounding Down, and Rounding Up. Rounding Off (to the nearest...) This is the most common type of rounding. We find the closest value based on a specific place value.
The Rule: Identify the Target Digit: Underline the digit in the place value you are rounding to. Look at the Neighbour: Look at the digit immediately to the *right* of your target digit. Apply the 5-or-More Rule: If the neighbour digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 (5 or more), you add 1 to your target digit. If the neighbour digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 (4 or less), you leave the target digit as it is. Zero Out: Change all the digits to the *right* of the target digit to zeros.