Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 6

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Define and identify different forms of abuse.
• Recognize the signs and symptoms of abuse.
• Identify safe adults to report abuse to.
• Understand why reporting abuse is important.
• Know how and where to report abuse in South Africa.

Lesson summary

This lesson focuses on the crucial life skill of identifying and reporting abuse. Abuse in any form (physical, emotional, sexual, neglect) is harmful and unacceptable. Learning to recognise the signs of abuse and knowing how to report it are essential for protecting ourselves and others. In South Africa, where sadly, rates of child abuse and gender-based violence are high, this knowledge is particularly vital. We all have a responsibility to create a safe environment for children, and this lesson aims to empower you to do just that. Understanding your rights and the support systems available is the first step.

Lesson notes

What is Abuse? Abuse is any behavior by a person in a position of power or trust that harms another person.

It can take many forms: Physical Abuse: This involves intentionally causing physical harm to someone. Examples include hitting, kicking, slapping, burning, pushing, or shaking. It can also include denying someone basic needs like food, water, or medical care.

Emotional Abuse: This involves using words and actions to control or hurt someone's feelings, self-esteem, or mental well-being. Examples include constant criticism, name-calling, threats, intimidation, isolating someone from friends and family, and controlling behavior.

Sexual Abuse: This involves any sexual act without consent. Consent means willingly agreeing to something. A person who is underage, asleep, or under the influence of drugs or alcohol cannot give consent. Examples include touching someone’s private parts without permission, forcing someone to engage in sexual activity, or making sexual comments or gestures.

Neglect: This involves failing to provide for a person's basic needs, such as food, shelter, clothing, medical care, or education. Neglect can also include failing to provide adequate supervision or emotional support.

Signs and Symptoms of Abuse: It's important to remember that not everyone who is being abused will show the same signs.

Some common signs and symptoms include: Physical Signs: Unexplained bruises, cuts, burns, or fractures. Frequent headaches or stomach aches. Avoiding eye contact.

Emotional Signs: Sudden changes in behavior or mood. Withdrawal from friends and family. Anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem. Difficulty concentrating. Bedwetting (in younger children).

Behavioral Signs: Secretive behavior. Running away from home. Self-harm. Acting out aggressively. Trouble sleeping. Who Can You Tell? It's crucial to tell a trusted adult if you or someone you know is being abused.

Here are some examples of safe adults: Parents/Guardians (if they are not the abuser) Grandparents Aunt/Uncle Teachers School Counselor Religious Leader (e.g., Priest, Pastor, Imam) Social Worker Police Officer Why Reporting is Important: Reporting abuse is important for several reasons: Safety: It can help protect you and others from further harm.

Healing: It allows victims to get the support they need to heal and recover.

Justice: It can hold abusers accountable for their actions.

Prevention: It can help prevent future abuse. Reporting Process and Support Services in South Africa: In South Africa, you can report abuse to the following: South African Police Service (SAPS): Call 10111 in an emergency.

Childline South Africa: Call 0800 055 555 (toll-free). This is a 24-hour helpline for children and adults.

Lifeline South Africa: Call 0861 322 322 (toll-free). This provides counselling and support.

Department of Social Development: Contact your local social worker. They can provide assistance and support services. National Gender-Based Violence Command Centre: Call 0800 428 428 (toll-free). You can also send a "please call me" to 120*7867#. When reporting abuse, try to provide as much information as possible, including: Who is being abused? Who is the abuser? What type of abuse is occurring? Where and when did the abuse take place? Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Sipho noticed that his friend, Thando, always seems sad and withdrawn. Thando used to be very outgoing, but lately, he avoids playing with his friends. Sipho also saw a bruise on Thando's arm, and when he asked about it, Thando said he fell, but didn't look at Sipho. What are some possible signs that Thando might be experiencing abuse?

Solution: Possible signs include: Emotional Sign: Thando's sadness and withdrawal from friends. This change in behavior is a red flag.

Physical Sign: The unexplained bruise on Thando's arm. His avoidance of eye contact when explaining it further suggests he might be hiding something.

Behavioral Sign: He avoids playing with his friends, isolating himself, which can be a symptom of abuse.

Commentary: This question aims to make learners recognise signs of abuse, and links different types of signs Question 2: Maria's older brother often calls her names like "stupid" and "ugly." He also tells her that no one will ever love her. What type of abuse is Maria experiencing?

Solution: Maria is experiencing emotional abuse. The name-calling and hurtful words are designed to damage her self-esteem and make her feel worthless.

Commentary: This question tests understanding of definition of different types of abuse Question 3: Your neighbor, Mrs. Dlamini, often leaves her young children alone at home for long periods. They often look dirty and hungry. What type of abuse is this? Who could you tell about your concerns?

Solution: This is neglect. Mrs. Dlamini is failing to provide for her children's basic needs (supervision, food, hygiene). You could tell a teacher, a social worker, or the police (SAPS). Childline (0800 055 555) is also a good resource.