Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 4

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Read analogue clocks to the nearest 5 minutes.
• Read digital clocks in 12-hour and 24-hour format.
• Solve word problems involving time.
• Read and interpret calendars.
• Convert between different units of time.

Lesson summary

This week, we're diving deeper into the fascinating world of time and calendars! Understanding time and calendars isn't just about knowing what time it is; it's crucial for planning our day, keeping appointments, understanding schedules like school timetables and TV programs, and even understanding historical events. Imagine trying to plan a birthday party or visit your family without knowing how to read a calendar or tell the time! In South Africa, this is especially important as we navigate different cultural celebrations, school terms, and events that rely heavily on understanding time and dates. We'll learn to work with analogue and digital clocks, calendars, and different units of time.

Lesson notes

2.1 Analogue Clocks: An analogue clock has a face with numbers 1 to 12 and two hands: a short hand (the hour hand) and a long hand (the minute hand). The hour hand tells us the hour. It moves slowly around the clock face. When the hour hand is pointing directly at a number, it's that hour o'clock. The minute hand tells us the minutes past the hour. The clock face is divided into 60 minutes. Each number on the clock face represents 5 minutes (1 = 5 minutes, 2 = 10 minutes, 3 = 15 minutes, and so on).

To read the time on an analogue clock: Look at the hour hand. The number it points to (or has just passed) is the hour. Look at the minute hand. Multiply the number it points to by 5 to find the minutes past the hour.

Example 1: The hour hand is pointing at 3 and the minute hand is pointing at

6. Hour: 3 Minutes: 6 x 5 = 30 Time: 3:30 (thirty minutes past three, or half past three)

Example 2: The hour hand is slightly past the 8, and the minute hand is on the

2. Hour: 8 Minutes: 2 x 5 = 10 Time: 8:10 (ten minutes past eight) 2.2 Digital Clocks: Digital clocks display the time using numbers. They typically show the hours and minutes separated by a colon (:). Digital clocks can be in 12-hour or 24-hour format. 12-hour format: This format uses AM (ante meridiem - before noon) and PM (post meridiem - after noon) to distinguish between morning and afternoon/evening. For example, 8:00 AM is 8 o'clock in the morning, and 8:00 PM is 8 o'clock in the evening. 24-hour format: This format counts the hours from 00:00 (midnight) to 23:59 (one minute before midnight). In 24-hour format, 1:00 PM is 13:00, 2:00 PM is 14:00, and so on. To convert from PM to 24-hour time, add 12 to the hour. (e.g., 5 PM becomes 5 + 12 = 17:00).

Example 3: Convert 4:30 PM to 24-hour format.

Add 12 to the hour: 4 + 12 = 16 Time in 24-hour format: 16:30 Example 4: Convert 19:45 to 12-hour format.

Subtract 12 from the hour: 19 - 12 = 7 Time in 12-hour format: 7:45 PM 2.3 Units of Time and Conversions: Understanding how to convert between different units of time is essential.

Here are some key conversions: 1 minute = 60 seconds 1 hour = 60 minutes 1 day = 24 hours 1 week = 7 days 1 month = Approximately 30 days (this varies) 1 year = 365 days (366 days in a leap year) 1 year = 12 months Example 5: How many minutes are in 3 hours? 1 hour = 60 minutes 3 hours = 3 x 60 minutes = 180 minutes Example 6: How many seconds are in 5 minutes? 1 minute = 60 seconds 5 minutes = 5 x 60 seconds = 300 seconds 2.4 Calendars: A calendar is a chart or series of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year. It helps us organize events, plan activities, and keep track of time.

Calendars show: Days of the week (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday) Months of the year (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December) Dates (e.g., 1st, 2nd, 3rd, up to 31st)

Important holidays and events Example 7: If today is the 15th of May, and your birthday is in 2 weeks, what date is your birthday? 2 weeks = 14 days 15 + 14 = 29 Your birthday is on the 29th of May. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: What time is shown on the analogue clock if the hour hand is just past the 5 and the minute hand is on the 3?

Solution: Hour: 5 Minutes: 3 x 5 = 15 Time: 5:15 (fifteen minutes past five)

Question 2: Convert 9:15 PM to 24-hour format.

Solution: Add 12 to the hour: 9 + 12 = 21 Time in 24-hour format: 21:15 Question 3: How many hours are there in 2 days?

Solution: 1 day = 24 hours 2 days = 2 x 24 hours = 48 hours Question 4: A soccer match started at 3:00 PM and ended at 4:45 P

M. How long did the match last?

Solution: From 3:00 PM to 4:00 PM is 1 hour.

From 4:00 PM to 4:45 PM is 45 minutes.

Total time: 1 hour and 45 minutes.

Question 5: If today is Wednesday, the 7th of August, what day of the week will it be in 10 days?

Solution: Add 10 days to the current date: 7 + 10 = 17 So the date is the 17th of August. Since a week has 7 days, every 7 days it's the same day of the week. So, we can subtract 7 from 10: 10 - 7 = 3. 3 days after Wednesday is Thursday, Friday, Saturday. So, it will be a Saturday. Independent Practice (Questions Only)

Draw an analogue clock showing the time 7:

2

0. Convert 14:30 to 12-hour format. How many minutes are in 4 hours and 15 minutes?

Your favourite TV show starts at 18:00 and ends at 19:

3

0. How long is the show in minutes? If today is Friday, 20th of September, what day of the week will it be in 3 weeks?

A school trip leaves at 8:30 AM and returns at 3:15 PM. How long was the school trip in hours and minutes? How many days are there in the months of June, July, and August combined?

What time is 30 minutes after 10:45 AM? What time was 1 hour and 15 minutes before 6:00 PM? Give your answer in 24 hour time. You need to bake a cake, and the recipe says to bake it for 55 minutes.

You start baking the cake at 11:25 AM. What time will the cake be ready?