Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 4
Time and calendars – Week 8 focus
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Time and calendars – Week 8 focus
Download the Lessonotes Mobile South Africa app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Mathematics
Class: Grade 4
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 8
Theme: General lesson support
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Time and calendars are fundamental to understanding our daily lives and organising events. In South Africa, knowing how to read calendars and tell time accurately is essential for everything from attending school on time to planning community events like market days or cultural celebrations. This week, we will focus on solidifying your understanding of these concepts. We will explore how to read different formats of time, interpret calendars, and solve problems involving time duration. This knowledge will empower you to manage your time effectively and participate fully in your community.
2.1 Analogue and Digital Time: Analogue Clocks: Analogue clocks have hands that point to numbers on a clock face. The short hand is the hour hand, and the long hand is the minute hand. Remember there are 12 numbers representing the hours. The space between each number represents 5 minutes (60 minutes / 12 hours = 5 minutes per hour interval).
Example: If the hour hand points directly at 3 and the minute hand points directly at 12, the time is 3:
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0. If the hour hand points at 3 and the minute hand points at 6, it is 3:
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0. Important
Note: We can also refer to the time before and after the half hour mark using terms like 'quarter past' (15 minutes after the hour), 'half past' (30 minutes after the hour), and 'quarter to' (15 minutes before the next hour).
Digital Clocks: Digital clocks display the time using numbers.
The numbers to the left of the colon (:) represent the hours, and the numbers to the right represent the minutes.
Example: 10:45 on a digital clock means 10 hours and 45 minutes. 12-hour vs. 24-hour Time: 12-hour Time: Uses "a.m." (ante meridiem - before midday) for times between midnight and noon, and "p.m." (post meridiem - after midday) for times between noon and midnight.
Example: 3:00 p.m. 24-hour Time: Uses numbers from 00:00 to 23:59 to represent all times in a day. There is no a.m. or p.m.
Example: 3:00 p.m. is 15:00 in 24-hour time (12 + 3 = 15). 2.2 Converting Time: Minutes to Seconds: There are 60 seconds in 1 minute. To convert minutes to seconds, multiply the number of minutes by
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0. Example: 5 minutes = 5 x 60 = 300 seconds Hours to Minutes: There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. To convert hours to minutes, multiply the number of hours by
6
0. Example: 2 hours = 2 x 60 = 120 minutes Days to Weeks: There are 7 days in 1 week. To convert days to weeks, divide the number of days by
7. Example: 14 days = 14 / 7 = 2 weeks 2.3 Calendars: A calendar shows the days, weeks, and months of the year.
Each month has a different number of days: January (31), February (28 or 29 in a leap year), March (31), April (30), May (31), June (30), July (31), August (31), September (30), October (31), November (30), December (31). A leap year occurs every 4 years, when February has 29 days instead of
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8. Calendars help us plan events, track birthdays, and know the dates of public holidays like Freedom Day (April 27th) or Youth Day (June 16th). 2.4 Calculating Time Duration: To calculate the duration of time between two events, subtract the starting time from the ending time.
Example: A soccer match starts at 2:00 p.m. and ends at 4:30 p.m. How long did the match last? 4:30 p.m. - 2:00 p.m. = 2 hours and 30 minutes.
Example with crossing the hour: Thando started reading a book at 10:45 and finished at 11:
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5. From 10:45 to 11:00 is 15 minutes.
From 11:00 to 11:15 is 15 minutes.
Total time: 15 minutes + 15 minutes = 30 minutes. Guided Practice (With Solutions)
Question 1: What time is shown on this digital clock: 07:15? Write the time in words and in 12-hour format.
Solution: The time is seven fifteen. In 12-hour format, this is 7:15 a.m.
Explanation: 07 represents the hour and 15 represents the minutes. Since it's before noon, we use a.m.
Question 2: How many minutes are there in 3 hours?
Solution: 1 hour = 60 minutes 3 hours = 3 x 60 minutes = 180 minutes Explanation: We multiply the number of hours by the number of minutes in an hour to find the total number of minutes.
Question 3: If today is the 5th of March, and Ayanda's birthday is in 2 weeks, what date is her birthday?
Solution: 1 week = 7 days 2 weeks = 2 x 7 days = 14 days 5th of March + 14 days = 19th of March Ayanda's birthday is on the 19th of March.
Explanation: We calculate the number of days in 2 weeks and then add that number to the current date to find the date of the birthday.
Question 4: A movie starts at 14:30 and ends at 16:
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0. How long is the movie in hours and minutes?
Solution: 16:00 - 14:30 Think of this as 4:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
From 2:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. is 30 minutes.
From 3:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. is 1 hour.
Therefore, the movie is 1 hour and 30 minutes long.
Explanation: We subtract the start time from the end time to find the duration of the movie. We can convert this to 24-hour time if needed: 2:30pm is 14:30 and 4:00pm is 16:
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0. Independent Practice (Questions Only)
Write 6:45 p.m. in 24-hour time. How many seconds are there in 10 minutes? If it is currently Monday, the 8th of August, what day of the week will it be on the 22nd of August?
School starts at 8:00 a.m. and ends at 2:30 p.m. How many hours and minutes are learners at school?
Zanele started baking a cake at 11:15 a.m. and finished at 12:05 p.m. How long did it take her to bake the cake? How many days are there in the months of June, July and August combined? Convert 210 minutes into hours and minutes.
A bus leaves Cape Town at 9:00 a.m. and arrives in Worcester at 11:30 a.m. How long was the bus journey?